Deuterium permeation through Eurofer and α-alumina coated Eurofer

Levchuk, D.; Koch, F.; Maier, H.; Bolt, H.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.03.008

Cited by 149 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The experimental facility and procedure used for permeation tests were described in detail in [5]. A membrane sealed with two gold O-rings divided the device in two parts, the high-pressure volume (HPV) and the low-pressure volume (LPV), and was heated by means of an electric furnace.…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of decades spent in looking for an appropriate barrier material, there is still no universally recognised one, although alumina is most regarded among these coatings [1][2][3][4] since a few microns of a crystalline α-alumina layer is capable of reducing the permeability a fusion relevant material, e.g. EUROFER 97, up to a factor of 10 3 or greater [5]. However, crystalline alumina suffers from advanced requirements for its formation [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4, a steady-state value of permeability was achieved at each pressure step. As in the previous case, the values of permeation flux were found to be reproducible.For comparison, values of PRF for erbia deposited on the two mentioned substrates as well as for alumina deposited on EUROFER 97 from [5] are given in Table 1, along with the deposition parameters. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Erbium oxide as a new promising tritium permeation barrier

Levchuk

Maier

et al. 2007

Journal of Nuclear Materials

119

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IntroductionAmong several approaches to controlling tritium permeation and accumulation in the first wall of a fusion reactor, the application of a permeation barrier in the form of a coating looks feasible. In spite of decades spent in looking for an appropriate barrier material, there is still no universally recognised one, although alumina is most regarded among these coatings [1][2][3][4] since a few microns of a crystalline α-alumina layer is capable of reducing the permeability a fusion relevant material, e.g. EUROFER 97, up to a factor of 10 3 or greater [5]. However, crystalline alumina suffers from advanced requirements for its formation [6,7].One of the main parameters of a diffusion barrier is a so-called permeation reduction factor (PRF), i.e. the ratio of permeabilities or permeation fluxes through the uncoated sample to that of the coated one. Therefore, it is worth searching for a suitable material based on its permeation properties first and then exploring how the coating fits the other requirements. A decision was made to investigate erbia coatings, not only based on permeability but also on mechanical stability under thermal load when erbia is in contact with other materials. The choice of erbia was governed by our experience in deposition of crystalline erbia coatings [8], its compatibility with liquid Li [9, 10], and stability of its insulating properties upon neutron irradiation [11].Here, we present the results of investigation of a three-layer sample EUROFER-Er 2 O 3 -C subjected to temperatures as high as 750ºC. The graphite substrate was used because of its low atomic number that allowed the application of IBA (Ion Beam Analysis) to reveal thermal stability of the layers and diffusion processes between erbia and EUROFER. With a heavier substrate, the signals of erbium, oxygen and EUROFER constituents would be hidden on IBA spectra.Measurements on deuterium permeability through a Pd-30%Ag and EUROFER 97 membranes coated with a one micron thick crystalline erbia layer are also reported. The Pd30%Ag substrate was used as a laboratory test substrate because it has high hydrogen 1 permeability as well as resistance to oxidation and thus has little effect on hydrogen transport through the coated sample. Experimental details Sample preparationPreparation of the Er 2 O 3 -Pd-30%Ag and Er 2 O 3 -EUROFER samples was similar to that described in [8]: a polished disk-shaped substrate of 20 mm in diameter and 0.15 mm (Pd30%Ag) or 0.36 mm (EUROFER) in thickness was coated with a 1 µm erbia layer using a filtered arc deposition device. Deposition was performed by running an arc discharge on an erbium cathode, filtering plasma from metal droplets and introducing oxygen into the main chamber. The coating was deposited on the substrate at a temperature of 600ºC to build up the dense crystalline erbia phase. The quality of the coating was then examined with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) techniques. Since the sample was continuously exposed to oxygen during deposition, the b...

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Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Erbium oxide as a new promising tritium permeation barrier

Levchuk

Maier

et al. 2007

Journal of Nuclear Materials

119

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“…The coatings reported prior to our Hy-NANO-Im project included dense alumina, only 1 µm thick, which produced a permeation reduction factor (PRF) of 1000 at 800°C, as reported by Levchuk et al (2004). Erbium oxide, again 1 µm thick, has also been recognized as an efficient barrier, with a PRF of the order of 1000 (Levchuk et al 2007).…”

Section: How Will We Introduce a Safe And Reliable Hydrogen Infrastrumentioning

confidence: 76%

Four Steps to the Hydrogen Car

McGuiness¹,

Pirnat²

2011

Planet Earth 2011 - Global Warming Challenges and Opportunities for Policy and Practice

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“…2 is assembled on a basis of a principle described in [17]. A sample is sealed with two nickel C-rings with inconel coil spring inside (U-TIGHT SEAL®) and can be heated up to 973 K by electric furnace.…”

Section: Permeation Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deuterium permeation behavior of erbium oxide coating on austenitic, ferritic, and ferritic/martensitic steels

Chikada

Suzuki

Yang

et al. 2009

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Tritium permeation barrier is required in fusion blanket for reduction of loss of fuel and health hazard. In this study, deuterium permeation experiments have been 2 performed on four kinds of steels and erbium oxide coatings fabricated by a filtered arc deposition method. The permeation flux of uncoated samples shows diffusion-limited regime in the temperature range 573−723 K and the permeability is corresponding to literature data. The coated samples deposited at room temperature have been tested at 773 K. It is found that the coatings suppress the deuterium permeation to a close level in spite of different types of steel substrates. In addition, the exponent of the driving pressure slightly changes compared to the uncoated sample. However, the permeation regime is still near diffusion limited.

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Deuterium permeation through Eurofer and α-alumina coated Eurofer

Cited by 149 publications

References 13 publications

Erbium oxide as a new promising tritium permeation barrier

Erbium oxide as a new promising tritium permeation barrier

Four Steps to the Hydrogen Car

Deuterium permeation behavior of erbium oxide coating on austenitic, ferritic, and ferritic/martensitic steels

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