Deutschsprachige Präventionsprogramme für Essstörungen – Ein systematisches Review

Abstract

In the past years a considerable amount of primary and secondary prevention programs for eating disorders was developed in German speaking countries. However, up to now there has been no systematic review of contents and evaluation studies. The main objective of the present systematic review is to identify and outline German prevention programs for eating disorders. This should facilitate the selection of appropriate and effective interventions for medical experts, other professionals and teachers. A systematic literature research was conducted and 22 German-language primary and secondary prevention programs were identified. Half of them were evaluated. The programs were conducted either in school, on the internet or in a group setting. The findings show that throughout almost all programs a reduction in weight and shape concerns and drive for thinness as well as an increase of (body) self-esteem could be observed in either the total sample or the high-risk sample. However, programs were inconsistently effective in reducing disordered eating behavior in the target population. All studies were effective in reducing at least one risk factor. Overall, higher effect sizes were found for secondary prevention programs than for primary prevention programs. Lastly, limitations of the studies and suggestions for future prevention efforts are discussed.

Prevention of eating disorders—Efficacy and cost‐benefit of a school‐based program (“MaiStep”) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT)

“…Many prevention programs focus only on risk groups, for example, girls, or address already afflicted persons utilizing secondary prevention (Pickhardt, Adametz, Richter, Strauss, & Berger, 2019;Pratt & Woolfenden, 2002;Watson et al, 2016). Moreover, both targeted and universal prevention programs often assess risk factors for the development of eating disorders using self-report questionnaires, without directly assessing eating disorders in line with the DSM-5 (Berger, Joseph, Sowa, & Strauß, 2007;Pickhardt et al, 2019;Wilksch, 2014). Only a small number of studies have focused on incidence rates in order to measure the efficacy of prevention programs (Pickhardt et al, 2019;Pratt & Woolfenden, 2002;Stice, Rohde, Gau, & Shaw, 2012).…”

“…Moreover, both targeted and universal prevention programs often assess risk factors for the development of eating disorders using self-report questionnaires, without directly assessing eating disorders in line with the DSM-5 (Berger, Joseph, Sowa, & Strauß, 2007;Pickhardt et al, 2019;Wilksch, 2014). Only a small number of studies have focused on incidence rates in order to measure the efficacy of prevention programs (Pickhardt et al, 2019;Pratt & Woolfenden, 2002;Stice, Rohde, Gau, & Shaw, 2012). To overcome these methodological limitations, the universal prevention program "Mainz School Training of Eating Disorder Prevention" (MaiStep) was designed to address a healthy population of school students including all genders.…”

Implementation evidenzbasierter Präventionsprogramme für Essstörungen: PriMa und Torera im Schulalltag

“…11-12 Jahre) und deren nachhaltiger Verbreitung [4,12]. In den letzten 20 Jahren wurden bereits viele Präventionsstrategien entwickelt und erfolgreich evaluiert [13][14][15][16][17]. Nachdem nun hinreichend Evidenz bezüglich der Effizienz (Präventionswirkung unter idealen Bedingungen) als auch Effektivität (Präventionswirkung unter realen Bedingungen) von Präventionsmethoden für Essstörungen vorliegt, betont die Society for Prevention Research (SPR) die Notwendigkeit von Forschung zu Verbreitung und Implementation [18], um den Nutzen wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse in der Praxis zu erhöhen.…”