2001
DOI: 10.1016/s0346-251x(01)00024-0
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Develop3ing autonomy in a distance language learning context: issues and dilemmas for course writers

Abstract: The relationship between autonomy and the teaching and learning of languages at a distance is complex. On the one hand, in order to complete successfully a distance learning programme, learners need to develop a series of strategies and skills that will enable them to work individually. At the same time, distance learning programmes have a clear structure in which the amount, rate and content of the learning programme is determined by the course writers, and not by the student. If autonomy is about the learner… Show more

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Cited by 82 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…Studies with distance language learners to date have investigated factors such as beliefs and expectations, learner support, feedback, critical reflection, autonomy and learning strategies (Harris, 2003; Hurd, 2000Hurd, , 2003Hurd, , 2005Hurd et al, 2001;Murphy, 2005;Ros ì Solé & Truman, 2005;White, 1995White, , 1999. Virtual learning environments and technology-mediated language learning are increasingly the subject of more recent studies (Hampel & Hauck, 2004;Shield, 2002).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Studies with distance language learners to date have investigated factors such as beliefs and expectations, learner support, feedback, critical reflection, autonomy and learning strategies (Harris, 2003; Hurd, 2000Hurd, , 2003Hurd, , 2005Hurd et al, 2001;Murphy, 2005;Ros ì Solé & Truman, 2005;White, 1995White, , 1999. Virtual learning environments and technology-mediated language learning are increasingly the subject of more recent studies (Hampel & Hauck, 2004;Shield, 2002).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The recognition that languages are considered more difficult to learn in distance mode than other subjects (Sussex, 1991) and that distance language learners require a greater degree of self-regulation than learners of other subjects (White, 1994) contributed to a cautious approach. It is also true that learning in distance mode has always been seen as problematic for the acquisition, practice and assessment of foreign language speaking skills, given the physical absence of a teacher, the isolated context, and reduced opportunities for interacting in the target language.Studies with distance language learners to date have investigated factors such as beliefs and expectations, learner support, feedback, critical reflection, autonomy and learning strategies (Harris, 2003; Hurd, 2000Hurd, , 2003Hurd, , 2005Hurd et al, 2001;Murphy, 2005;Ros ì Solé & Truman, 2005;White, 1995White, , 1999. Virtual learning environments and technology-mediated language learning are increasingly the subject of more recent studies (Hampel & Hauck, 2004;Shield, 2002).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These challenges that the distance learners face in a distance learning context may hamper their development of autonomous learning. (Hurd, Beaven & Ortega, 2001). …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Autonomy is increasingly linked to successful learning (Little, 1991(Little, , 2001(Little, , 2002Wenden, 1991;Benson, 2001Benson, , 2002 and is seen to be particularly relevant to the distance language-learning environment (Hurd et al, 2001;White, 2003). While both Chinese and UK distance learners had difficulty with a number of aspects of autonomy, such as prioritizing, planning and self-monitoring, this was far more pronounced among the Chinese cohort.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This element of directed learning does not, however, preclude the development of autonomy. Efforts are made in the materials to encourage students to experiment with different learning strategies and to raise their awareness of both themselves as learners and of the language they are learning (Hurd et al, 2001).…”
Section: The Open University United Kingdommentioning
confidence: 99%