Developed channel propagation models and path loss measurements for wireless communication systems using regression analysis techniques

Abstract

Background The development of powerful and flexible management addresses is due to the improvement of deeply reliable gadgets and the advancement of the concept of cellular. The cellular principle was a major way of solving the wavelength crowding problem and the user capacity. It offered high capacity without major technological changes with limited allocation in spectrum. Wireless communication is an innovation in media transmission that allows remote transmission in all types of terrain between convenient gadgets. For estimating a transmitter 's radio coverage area, propagation models that anticipate the mean signal strength for an arbitrary transmitter–receiver separation distance are crucial as they are called large-scale propagation models so even though they define the average signal strength over long periods of time and large distances from the transmitter. Results Developed propagation models are presented according to the measured path loss values in exemplary urban and suburban areas at the operating frequency of 3.5 ghz by using the regression analysis. The measurements are implemented by using a spectrum analyzer FSH6 to get the channel response as shown in the stated tables and graphs. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that the path loss could be calculated as a function of distance and during the practical measurements 32 m was precise as a presumption for the break point distance. The values of path loss exponent (n) are defined and calculated for both of urban and suburban regions. Measurements results are analyzed and compared in order to study their influence for every specific environment. It was noticed that any radio signal will suffer attenuation when it travels from the transmitter to the receiver as a variety of various phenomena give rise to this radio path loss. Conclusions The interaction between both the electromagnetic radiation and the environment tends to decrease the quality of the signal being sent from the transmitter to the destination which causes the loss of the path. Propagation models are the basis for channel estimation, as they attempt to identify how a radio transmission changes from the transmitter to the receiver throughout its path. The gained results from this research will be supportive for the arrangement of network planners and researchers as proof and directory materials before future location establishment.

Performance Evaluation of Channel Modeling and Path Loss Measurements for Wireless Communication Systems in Urban and Rural Territories. (Dept. E. Electronics)

“…The path loss exponent's value n that it is dependent on the propagation environment is given in Table 1. However, studies in environments with similar features have revealed that path loss 𝑃𝐿(𝑑 𝑖 ) is a random variable around a mean value, a lognormal distribution 𝑃𝐿(𝑑 0 ), which expressed in dB as, [5], [6]:…”

“…The distinction between the two should be highlighted PL (di) -PL (d0), this also represents the disparity between the two (Pm -Pr) which is an error term with respect to n, and the sum of the mean squared error, 𝜀(𝑛). The following equation describes this error [5], [20]:…”

“…He determined that linear wave motion might be included among the possible solutions by adding the displacement to the existing term set of equations that regulate the equations of electromagnetics, known as the equations of Maxwell. As a result, electromagnetic waves should have the ability to travel ultimately reaches the receiver, and is commonly expressed as the equation below [5]: 𝑃𝐿(𝑑) = 𝑃𝐿(𝑑 0 ) + 10𝑛log 10 ( 𝑑 𝑑 0…”

A comparative study of path loss models in the ultra-high frequency band in a vegetated environment

“…where S, a log distribution factor with values ranging from 8.2 dB to 10.6 dB, is used to explain the in uence of shadow disappearance caused by barriers such as trees, d o = 100 m, and d (in metres) is the transmitter to receiver antenna's distance 21 . Other parameters' de nitions are: For a city of small or average size, a(h m ) = (1.1log 10 (f) -0.7)h m -(1.56log 10 (f) -0.8) (11) but for that of a large size,…”

“…The signal quality being delivered from the transmitter to the destination tends to decline as a result of the electromagnetic radiation's contact with the umbworld, leading to the loss of the path 11 . The usage of mobile radio communications is severely hampered by this 12 .…”