“…However, a significant issue arises due to the large file sizes associated with these images, which can impact device storage and network bandwidth (Salman and Rafea, 2020;Shihab, 2023;Mohammed et al, 2021). Image compression systems aim to address this problem by efficiently preserving image information while eliminating unnecessary redundancy found among neighboring pixels (Abouali, 2013; Ahmed et al, 2020;Hussain et al, 2020;Mahdi and Al-khafaji, 2022). In addition, using Internet applications has become necessary, meaningful, and indispensable, as most things are currently managed via the Internet.…”