Developing a Combined Method for Detection of Buried Metal Objects

Abstract

This paper discusses the author-developed novel method for the detection of buried metal objects that combines two basic subsurface sensing methods: one based on changes in the electromagnetic field parameters as induced by the inner or surficial impedance of the medium when affected by a propagating magnetic field; and one based on changes in the input impedance of the receiver as induced by the electromagnetic properties of the probed medium. The proposed method utilizes three instrumentation channels: two primary channels come from the ferrite magnetic antenna (the receiver), where the first channel is used to measure the current voltage amplitude of the active input signal component, while the second channel measures the current voltage amplitude of the reactive input signal component; an additional (secondary) channel comes from the emitting frame antenna (the transmitter) to measure the current amplitude of the exciting current. This data redundancy proves to significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of detecting buried metal objects. Implementation of the computational procedures for the proposed method helped to detect and identify buried objects by their specific electrical conductance and magnetic permeability, while also locating them depth-wise. The research team has designed an induction probe that contains two mutually orthogonal antennas (a frame transmitter and ferrite receiver); the authors herein propose a metal detector design that implements the proposed induction sensing method. Experimental research proved the developed combined method for searching for buried metal objects efficient and well-performing.

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“…The metal detector used has the ability to detect metal elements with a capacity of 500 bulks, meaning it can detect heavy metals with a cross-sectional diameter of 20 cm planted at a depth of 30 cm (according to the technique of installing anti-personnel mines and Tank planted at a depth between 10 cm to 30 cm ). This is in accordance with the procedure for installing anti-tank mines which are planted to a depth of 30 cm, as shown in Figure 9 metal detector (Bryakin et al, 2021).…”

Overview of Promising Solutions in Subsurface Sounding Equipment

“…In this regard, the possibility of using a Ferrite Antenna (FA) as an AM receiving antenna is of particular interest. Figure 15 shows a general version of the design of such a ferrite antenna-based AM [40].…”

“…In this regard, the possibility of using a Ferrite Antenna (FA) as an AM receiving antenna is of particular interest. Figure 15 shows a general version of the design of such a ferrite antenna-based AM [40]. AM consists of a radiating Loop Antenna (LA) 1 placed on a ring frame 7 and a ferrite antenna composed of three elements: a ferrite cylindrical core 2 and receiving coils 3 and 4.…”

“…Figure 18 shows the structure flowchart of the hybrid subsurface sounding technique, where 1-transmitting-and-receiving LA; 2-receiving FA; 3-the procedure for recording and in-phase-quadrature converting FA signal (induction EMF) via the main measuring channel (MMC); 4-the procedure for recording and converting the reaction of the radiating LA impedance, caused by the SO electromagnetic properties, into an electrical signal via an additional measuring channel (AMC); 5-the procedure for algorithmic processing of measured data to define the SO parameters; 6-U H harmonic signal generator exciting the primary electromagnetic field; 7-host medium; 8-SO; 9-eddy currents; H P -magnetic component of the primary electromagnetic field; H S -polarized magnetic component of the secondary electromagnetic field; H X and H Y -horizontal and vertical components of the polarized magnetic component of the secondary electromagnetic field; R SH -measuring current shunt; a 1 and b 1 -the MMC static function coefficients for in-phase conversion; a 2 and b 2 -the MMC static function coefficients for the quadrature conversion; a 3 and b 3 -the AMC static function conversion coefficients; U FA -the FA data signal (induction EMF); U IPmmc and U Qmmc -in-phase and quadrature components of the U FA data signal, respectively; U AMC -the LA data signal; F(ω; ϕ; t)-synchronization of the MMC conversion with the time parameters of the harmonic signal exciting the primary electromagnetic field; σ and µ-respectively, the SO specific electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability; h-the SO depth [43,44].…”

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“…Considering the significance of the problem, efficient methods of mine clearance are still tough. Currently, various metal detectors (MD) are often used for this purpose, and contemporary MDs offer excellent parameters, enabling the detection of even very small and deeply buried metal objects [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Paradoxically, this high sensitivity can be also their drawback leading to many false detections which lengthen the time necessary for demining.…”