Background A high prevalence of depression has been detected among individuals from the hill tribes in Thailand. However, there is no proper intervention to improve this problem. Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) design, the study team developed a model of depression care for this population.Methods This study involved 45 people in the model development and 65 people in the model testing, who were patients, family members, Village Health Volunteers (VHVs), community and religion leaders, healthcare personnel, NGOs, and local administrative staff. The model development was divided into three phases: understanding the current situation of depression and care, model development, and evaluation of its effectiveness using psychological and relevant outcomes. Questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews were used. Content analysis was used for qualitative data. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze changes in VHVs knowledge and skills before and after training.Results The resulting model, ‘SMILE’, consisted of stakeholder's readiness (S), external and internal motivation (M), interpersonal relationship (I), life and community assets (L), and empowerment (E). VHVs were trained on the model. After training, VHV’s knowledge has increased from 3.50 ± 1.14 to 8.28 ± 0.81 (p < 0.001), and basic counselling and depression screening skills improved from 3.39 ± 1.23 to 7.64 ± 3.76 (p < 0.001).Conclusion The developed model can be applied to other hill tribe communities in northern Thailand to improve depression care.