“…Geographic simulation is used for past inver-sions, future predictions, current simulations, and law discoveries , which is an important way to improve GIS geographic analysis ability. Traditionally, geographic models include data models (e.g., vector models, raster models, object-oriented models, and spatiotemporal data models) and analysis models (e.g., spatial analysis models, spatiotemporal statistical models, mechanism process models, and agent-based models) (Chen et al, 2018a). To bridge data models and analysis models, various computational grid models (e.g., structured grids, unstructured grids, hybrid grids, and nested grids) have been introduced (Chen et al, 2018b).…”