“…In recent years, a wide variety of approaches and applications have been developed in the field of digital tools and 3D models to address the study of various properties and characteristics [26][27][28][29][30], such as 3D modelling, satellite images, point clouds, and even gamification, allowing users to evaluate physical attributes, such as ground surface and pavement conditions, urban planning, people and vehicular dynamics, and weather conditions, among others. These methods not only allow for the evaluation of physical attributes, such as ground surface and topographical conditions using digital terrain models [20,[31][32][33], but also delve into more detailed aspects of the urban environment being studied, such as the identification of urban furniture, like lampposts, trees, traffic, and pedestrian signs, and so on [34][35][36].…”