Developing a Global Ocean Acidification Observation Network

Iglesias-Rodriguez,; Anthony, Ken; Biȷma, Jelle; Dickson, Andrew; Doney, Scott C.; Fabry, Victoria J.; Feely, R.A.; Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre; Lee, K.; Riebesell, Ulf; Saino, Toshiro; Turley, CM

doi:10.5270/oceanobs09.pp.24

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Open ocean strategies like those articulated by Gruber et al [74] for oxygen (on Argo floats) and Iglesias et al [75] for ocean acidification, that leverage systems designed for measurement of physical parameters, should be implemented. For coastal areas, on the other hand, there is…”

Section: Observational Approaches To Ocean Acidification and Oxygen Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Ocean Biology on a Global Scale: Implementing Bio-GOOS

Gunn¹,

Rogers²,

Urban³

2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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One of the key messages to come from the OceanObs'09 Conference was that the 1990's revolution in technology for observing ocean physics (e.g. Argo (Array for Realtime Geostrophic Oceanography) and remote sensing) provided the scope for a truly operational Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) for key ocean physics variables during the first decade of the 21st century. Over the same period however, there had been limited progress in development of biological components within GOOS, the expansion of the Continuous Plankton Recorder network and the development of an Ocean Tracking network being promising exceptions. Excitingly, there have been quantum advances in the technology to study biological components of ocean ecosystems over the last few years. These include microbial samplers employing genetic and optical systems to identify and count the lower levels of food webs; smart electronic tagging technologies that allow animals to be tracked, their habitats and feeding habits revealed, and their physiology monitored; acoustic sensors and associated processing software to undertake qualitative and quantitative studies of animals in the water column; and mobile and fixed observation systems to explore benthic habitats and processes.The potential for these technologies to be deployed over the next decade is explored, along with the desirable advances in sensor technology. The challenges to the development of a comprehensive Bio-GOOS program are also explored.The urgent need for enhanced data on the state of ocean ecosystems that are under pressure from multiple human stresses, demands that the ocean biology community work together, with some urgency, to drive implementation of Bio-GOOS. Mature technologies are available now, and several others may reach this status over the next decade, to make BioGOOS a feasible prospect over this period.

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Section: Observational Approaches To Ocean Acidification and Oxygen Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Ocean Biology on a Global Scale: Implementing Bio-GOOS

Gunn¹,

Rogers²,

Urban³

2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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“…Increasing ocean acidification is believed to directly affect calcium carbonate deposition by calcifying species, ranging from foraminiferans, mollusks, echinoderms to the hard corals themselves [5]. Some recent experiments, however, have yielded counterintuitive results.…”

Section: Scientific Advances and Gaps In Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A selected subset of these is dealt with in some detail in this paper. But by way of introduction, an example is the issue of ocean acidification [5]. Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are largely attributed to human burning of fossil fuels, which is traced back to the beginning of the industrial revolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Monitoring of Coral Reefs

Yap¹

2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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Coral reefs are major shallow-water ecosystems lining the coastlines of the tropical and subtropical belt. They have served the needs of human societies over the millennia, but are now experiencing unprecedented rates of degradation due to combined effects of anthropogenic impact and global climate change. An evolving global monitoring system draws on fundamentals of ecosystem structure and function, and on the continued advances in science and technology. Nevertheless, significant knowledge gaps remain, pertaining particularly to uncertainties in biological responses in the face of new, complex environmental challenges such as increasing temperature and ocean acidification, and how these are manifested in the broader ecosystem dynamics. In implementing a global programme, a major objective should be to engage the extensive network of developing country scientists, where the greatest concentrations of coral reef resources and the highest levels of species diversity are found. Success hinges on commitments by national governments, and on availability of sustained funding.

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“…While most studies to date have shown a decrease in calcification for pelagic calcifying groups such as coccolithophores, foraminifera, and pteropods in response to seawater acidification (e.g., [6]; [7] and 8]) there is also contradicting evidence (e.g., [9]). In addition, non-calcifying organisms are affected, although the magnitude and sign of their response is not clear yet [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These chemical changes will affect ocean organisms, both positively and negatively (see e.g. [3], [2] and [5]). While most studies to date have shown a decrease in calcification for pelagic calcifying groups such as coccolithophores, foraminifera, and pteropods in response to seawater acidification (e.g., [6]; [7] and 8]) there is also contradicting evidence (e.g., [9]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Integrated Observing System for Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry at a Time of Change

Gruber

Körtzinger

Borges

et al. 2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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Ocean biogeochemical cycles are currently undergoing fundamental changes -largely as a consequence of the addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The oceans are getting warmer, and their pH and oxygen levels are decreasing. Further changes may arise as a consequence of the perturbation of the global nitrogen cycle, leading to higher inputs of fixed nitrogen to the ocean by rivers and enhanced deposition of nitrogen to the surface ocean. These biogeochemical changes plus the concomitant changes in ocean circulation will have profound effects on some of the ocean's key services, i.e. its capability to mitigate climate change by removing anthropogenic CO 2 from the atmosphere, and its provision of important ecosystem services such as food and biodiversity. Documenting, understanding, and predicting these biogeochemical changes require a concerted and sustained observational effort that includes both the continuation of well-tested approaches and the development and implementation of novel systems. Of particular importance for the first set of approaches are the sustaining and extension of (i) a surface ocean volunteer ocean ship-based observing system primarily focusing on the determination of the air-sea exchange of CO 2 and upper ocean changes in carbonate chemistry, of (ii) an interior ocean researchship based system focusing on large-scale interior changes of the ocean's biogeochemistry (carbon, oxygen, nutrients, etc), and of (iii) ship-based and moored time-series observations at key sites, including the coastal ocean. Of particular importance for the second set of approaches are (i) the accelerated improvement, development and implementation of new observational elements on the Argo (Array for Realtime Geostrophic Oceanography) array (especially oxygen, but also nutrient and bio-optical sensors), and (ii) the development, testing, and deployment of novel sensors for the ocean's carbon system. Concerted synthesis efforts involving also novel approaches for merging observations with biogeochemical models will ensure that these observational elements realize their synergistic potential.

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Developing a Global Ocean Acidification Observation Network

Cited by 4 publications

References 143 publications

Observation of Ocean Biology on a Global Scale: Implementing Bio-GOOS

Observation of Ocean Biology on a Global Scale: Implementing Bio-GOOS

Global Monitoring of Coral Reefs

Towards an Integrated Observing System for Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry at a Time of Change

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