Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach

Ingadóttir, Brynja; Laitonen, Elina; Stefansdottir, Adalheidur; Sigurdardottir, Anna Olafia; Brynjólfsdóttir, Berglind; Parisod, Heidi; Nyman, Johanna; Gunnarsdottir, Karitas; Jonsdottir, Katrin; Salanterä, Sanna; Pakarinen, Anni

doi:10.2196/31471

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Accurate measurement of preoperative anxiety is essential for the care of pediatric surgery patients and for interventionist or educe their anxiety. The Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (YPAS) was developed in 1995 and modified (mYPAS) in 1997 to help measure the preoperative anxiety of children and was used in many studies including various health fields such as anesthesia, surgery, pediatrics, and dentistry (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). In studies conducted in our country, the validity and reliability of the mYPAS-short form has also been demonstrated in Turkish children over the age of 2 (13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Reliability of the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale in Turkish Children Aged 0-2

Canbek,

Birbicer,

Demirel

2023

JARSS

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Objective: Separation from parents, a bad anaesthesia history, the operating room and all invasive procedures may cause psychological trauma in pediatric patients. Given these negative effects, it is seen that psychological evaluation and support in the preoperative period are as important as pharmacological and physiological evaluation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability short form of the The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) in Turkish children aged 0-2. Methods: After obtaining the ethical approval of Mersin University Clinical Research Ethics Committee, 264 pediatric patients aged 0-2 were included. Median age was 13.5 months (range 0.6-24 months). We used mYPAS for 200 patients and Comfort Behavior Scale for 64 patients. Evaluations were made twice by three different observers, in the playroom and in the operation room. Observers were pediatric anesthetist and 5 th year residents of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation. Results: The ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) value calculated to evaluate the agreement between the three observers was 0.9857 (95% CI 0.9748-0.9865) for the measurements made in the children's playroom, and for the measurements made in the operation room was 0.9902 (95% CI 0.9894-0.9912). It was determined that those who were not sedated in the age group ≥ 1 years old had higher anxiety symptoms than those in the age group < 1 years old (p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been determined that the Turkish version of mYPAS can be used with high validity and reliability to evaluate preoperative anxiety levels in Turkish children aged 0-2 years. Preoperative anxiety levels may increase depending on many factors. In our study, we focused on the family factor, and it was shown that the effects of mother education, socioeconomic level, and nuclear family type on the preoperative anxiety of children were important.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Reliability of the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale in Turkish Children Aged 0-2

Canbek,

Birbicer,

Demirel

2023

JARSS

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“…To our knowledge, no serious games have yet been developed to prepare children for the RT procedure. Further, researchers of serious game design have highlighted the significance of describing and reporting the involvement of end users in the design process and in research during the design process [ 21 ]. This paper is not primarily meant to point out the relevance of participatory design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-creation of a Serious Game About Radiotherapy: Participatory Action Research Study With Children Treated for Cancer

Cederved¹,

Back²,

Ångström-Brännström³

et al. 2022

JMIR Hum Factors

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Background Children with cancer who have to undergo radiotherapy can experience fear, because they have no prior knowledge of the treatment. One way of teaching children about the treatment and reducing their fear is to prepare them for it through serious games. Involvement of the end user in the design process within medicine is a way of ensuring that the product being developed will fit the intended user. Objective The aim was to outline the contributions made by children and their parents through participatory action research when designing a serious game about radiotherapy. Methods By means of participatory action research, children and their parents participated in the development of a serious game about radiotherapy. Nine children (7-10 years old) were included, each with an accompanying parent. A qualitative approach was used that included interviews and participant observation. Six rounds of iterative development process were used with the children and their parents. Meetings with the children were held either face-to-face or online. Each round resulted in a list of suggestions for changes to the game. A thematic analysis was performed based on the list of proposed changes, underpinned by all gathered data, to highlight how the children’s participation changed the game. Results Two main themes were identified. The first theme was “The children’s participation was affected by their health and treatment” and included the following subthemes: “an opportunity to share emotions and perceptions of radiotherapy” and “the possibility to participate was affected by the severity of the disease.” The second theme was “participation allowed becoming an active part of game development” and included the following subthemes: “the opportunity to express sentiments about the game,” “the emergence of a playable game through the children’s contributions,” and “the necessity of understanding the text.” Conclusions The method used in this study made the children active participants, and our results suggest that this method can be used by health care researchers to cocreate serious games with children. It is necessary to inform the children involved that the process takes time, and that the process can be altered to allow as much participation as possible without placing a burden on them. The children’s illness affected their possibility to take part; thus, it is crucial to accommodate the children’s needs when conducting similar studies. The parents’ participation facilitated the meetings for their children, even though their involvement in the game design was negligible.

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“…The animated handwashing instructions include all relevant handwashing steps (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2020), including the wetting of hands and the various soaping movements (for selected animation screens see Figure 2). The design of the instruction and reward screens is based on previous studies of health games for children (Ingadottir et al 2022), and was confirmed through pre-tests with individual day care center children of different ages who provided feedback on the design. Furthermore, we pre-tested the digital system and the corresponding intervention to test if it is adequate to help us answer our research question.…”

Section: Design Of the Digital System And The Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging Information Systems to Foster Sustainable and Healthy Behavior Change

Graichen

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In recent decades, technology has emerged as a beacon of hope to aid humanity in addressing two pressing issues of our time: human health and climate change. However, despite advances in medicine and climate technology, rates of infectious diseases (Jones et al., 2008) and carbon dioxide emissions (Olivier & Peters, 2020) continue to rise. Alongside technological and systemic regulations, it is also the behavior of each individual that contributes to curtailing infectious diseases and carbon dioxide emissions. Yet, individuals often struggle to align their good intentions with their actual behavior. This gap underscores the complexity of breaking ingrained habits and adopting new behaviors, demanding more than mere intention. The question of how to achieve behavior change in the context of health and climate change is not easily answered; it requires extensive interdisciplinary research. Information Systems research can support and advance the study of behavior change through digital interventions. Digital interventions, due to their availability and scalability, stand as promising tools for facilitating behavior change and research. The inclusion of measurement instruments within technological devices furthermore allows for the collection of real-world behavioral data. Consequently, Information Systems research can not only contribute but also enhance the empirical validation and expansion of behavioral theories. Despite the potential that Information Systems hold in the realm of behavioral research, it remains a domain far from being fully explored. The main objectives of this dissertation are to provide insights into the effectiveness of digital interventions in fostering healthy and environmentally sustainable behavior within the real-world context, alongside the empirical validation of behavioral and motivation theories. To accomplish this, the dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary approach encompassing two experimental field studies and one survey field study. The field studies are centered on behavior change in the realms of health and sustainability behavior among children and employees. The first two chapters revolve around the outcomes of two large-scale field experiments, investigating hand washing behavior of children in day care centers. Within Chapter 1, a digital intervention is designed and the applicability and effectiveness of the intervention are affirmed across day care centers in Finland and Germany. The data indicate that soaping time of children, a proxy for hand washing quality, can be improved by 62% while the digital behavior intervention is in place. In Chapter 2, the intervention subsequently serves as a tool to empirically validate and expand behavioral theory, specifically the Motivation Crowding Theory. The results provide empirical evidence for the efficacy of digital rewards in children. This underscores the value of digital rewards while disproving potential negative effects as suggested by the Motivation Crowding Theory. The findings of Chapters 1 and 2 underscore the effectiveness of digital behavior change interventions leveraging digital rewards both in research and in practice. The research undertaken in this context can serve as a blueprint for Information Systems researchers venturing into behavioral research, particularly with children. Moreover, it offers practitioners guidance for the design of effective and scalable systems tailored to children. Chapter 3 presents the results of a field study that examines the motivations of train drivers to use Green Information Systems in the workplace and thus to contribute to energy savings in the transportation sector. The results of the interviews and surveys conducted for this purpose confirm the applicability of the Protection Motivation Theory in the context of Information Systems. The collected data show that employees’ moti- vation to engage in climate-protective behavior depends on their perception of their own response efficacy and the severity of climate change. The identified motivations provide important starting points for the development of digital behavior interventions aimed at promoting environmentally friendly behavior among employees. Overall, this thesis illustrates that Information Systems can support human behavior change, and serve as a tool to measure and examine behavior change and underlying behavioral theories. The conducted field studies underscore the effectiveness of digital interventions in real-world settings. With the chosen interdisciplinary approach and a combination of different methods, existing behavioral theories are utilized in the field of Information Systems, empirically validated, and expanded. The research emphasizes that Information Systems have the potential to assist individuals in changing their health and sustainability behavior, addressing two pressing issues of our time.

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Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Validity and Reliability of the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale in Turkish Children Aged 0-2

Validity and Reliability of the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale in Turkish Children Aged 0-2

Co-creation of a Serious Game About Radiotherapy: Participatory Action Research Study With Children Treated for Cancer

Leveraging Information Systems to Foster Sustainable and Healthy Behavior Change

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