Developing a management-oriented simulation model of pesticide emissions for use in the life cycle assessment of paddy rice cultivation

Understanding farm-level differences in environmental impact and eco-efficiency: The case of rice production in Iran

“…Rice planting generates methane (CH 4 ) emissions causing global warming ( IPCC 2006 ;Gaihre et al, 2014 ). Moreover, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are applied to increase paddy rice yield ( Brentrup et al, 2004 ;Tang et al, 2020 ), leading to soil and water pollution in large areas of the world ( Savci, 2012 ;Erisman et al, 2011 ), as well as potential risks to human health ( Fu et al, 2008 ). Several life cycle assessment (LCA) studies quantified environmental impacts of paddy rice production from cradle to gate, including conventional as well as organic farming systems, and involving various countries such as Japan ( Hokazono and Hayashi, 2012 ;Hatcho et al, 2012 ), Italy ( Bacenetti et al, 2016 ;Blengini and Busto, 2009 ;Fusi et al, 2014 ), China ( He et al, 2018 ;Zhang et al, 2010 ), Iran ( Habibi et al, 2019 ;Mohammadi et al, 2015 ), and Thailand ( Yodkhum et al, 2017 ).…”

The impacts of plastic products on air pollution - A simulation study for advanced life cycle inventories of plastics covering secondary microplastic production

“…Development of complex inventory models enabling and qualifying assessments of such complex systems, including elementary flows of biologically active materials and compounds, is however a long process stretching over several decades as illustrated for other inventory models, such as PestLCI i.e. an inventory model designed to quantify pesticide emissions from arable land, which has now been in development for over 3 decades (see Birkved and Hauschild, (2006) ; Dijkman et al, (2012) ; Tang et al, (2020) . Hence, this first attempt to include elementary flows of MPs and materials capable of generating MPs in the environment is somewhat similar to the first attempt to initially quantify pesticide emissions from arable land for LCA based on model predictions ( Birkved and Hauschild, 2006 ).…”

Improving a herbicide risk assessment model in paddy rice cultivation

“…The MED-Rice model is complemented by other existing models such as the Adsorption/Dilution Model (ADM) [ 10 ] and the US-EPA Rice Model (EPA-Rice) [ 11 ], both developed in the United States, the Aquatic Model developed in Japan (AMJ) [ 12 ] and Pesticide Risks in the tropics to Man, Environment and Trade (PRIMET) developed in the Netherlands [ 13 ]. After the release of the first tier-1 model, more realistic models for calculating pesticide concentrations at higher tier levels have been proposed, of which the RICEWQ 1.6.4v model showed the highest accuracy of the tested pesticides in paddy fields [ 1 ], followed by the most recent model, PestLCI upgraded in relation to life cycle assessment [ 14 ]. Despite the differences, all the above-mentioned models focused on the fate and transport of pesticides following deposition in paddy water, but none of those acts as an operational tool to assess crop protection strategies regarding environmental impact.…”