Developing a Mathematical Model for Wind Power Plant Siting and Sizing in Distribution Networks

Abstract

<jats:p>Wind Power Plants (WPPs) are generally located in remote areas with weak distribution connections. Hence, the value of Short Circuit Capacity (SCC), WPP size and the short circuit impedance angle ratio (X/R) are all very critical in the voltage stability of a distribution system connected WPP. This paper presents a new voltage stability model based on the mathematical relations between voltage, the level of wind power penetration, SCC and X/R at a given Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of a distribution network connected WPP. The proposed model introduces six equations based on the SCC and X/R values seen from a particular PCC point. The equations were developed for two common types of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs), including: the Induction Generator (IG) and the Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Taking advantage of the proposed equations, design engineers can predict how the steady-state PCC voltage will behave in response to different penetrations of IG- and DFIG-based WPPs. In addition, the proposed equations enable computing the maximum size of the WPP, ensuring grid code requirements at the given PCC without the need to carry out complex and time-consuming computational tasks or modelling of the system, which is a significant advantage over existing WPP sizing approaches.</jats:p>

Developing a Decision Tree Algorithm for Wind Power Plants Siting and Sizing in Distribution Networks

“…Wind power is one of the most sustainable, abundant and cost-effective energy sources [1,2]. A large portion of wind power is being injected into distribution systems through small wind power plants (WPPs).…”

“…• SCC: The amount of power that flows through a specified point when a short-circuit fault occurs at that point is expressed by SCC. The value of SCC depends on rated voltage (V rated ) and short-circuit impedance (Z sc ) and is given as in (1) [4].…”

“…At the PCC bus of a distribution system connected to WPP, SCR quantifies the bus strength against the power quality issues caused by the wind power penetration. The value of SCR is calculated, as shown in (2) [4].…”

“…SCR = SCC P wind (2) Given that wind turbine generators are generally installed on areas located far from the distribution substation, e.g., hilltops and close by the ocean, the output electrical power is transmitted to the grid through long lines. This results in large short-circuit impedance (Z sc ) and small SCC and SCR [1,5]. Typically, the SCR value is less than 10 in distribution grid-connected WPPs.…”

“…Typically, the SCR value is less than 10 in distribution grid-connected WPPs. The small range of SCR, in turn, causes high voltage variations and power Quality issues at the PCC [4]. Hence, there is a tradeoff between the value of SCR and the voltage stability in distribution systems connected to WPP.…”