Developing a model for residential water demand in the Indian Himalayan Region of Ravangla, South Sikkim, India

Thakur, Basant Kumar; Bal, Debi Prasad; Nurujjaman, Md.; Debnath, Kanish

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2023.100923

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The SWAT model requires more complex data than the InVEST model [23,24]. As the relationship between ecosystem services and human welfare becomes increasingly close, the demand for water supply services has become another focus of the field of ecosystem services [25][26][27]. At present, expert knowledge scoring, questionnaire surveying, and statistical analysis based on land use and statistical data have mainly been used to estimate and analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of water supply service demand [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply and Demand Patterns Investigations of Water Supply Services Based on Ecosystem Service Flows in a Mountainous Area: Taihang Mountains Case Study

Gao,

Fu,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The study of water service supply, demand, and flow in the Taihang Mountains in China can elucidate its supply and demand patterns, which are important for the sustainable utilization of water resources. We chose Gangnan Reservoir Basin in the Taihang Mountains as the research area. First, we evaluated the supply and demand of water supply services using the InVEST model and statistical methods. Then, ecosystem service flows were calculated based on river networks and altitude. Finally, the supply and demand pattern of water supply services based on ecosystem service flows was analyzed. The results showed the following. (1) The total supply and demand of water supply services in Gangnan Reservoir Basin were 8.18 × 108 m3 and 3.52 × 108 m3, respectively. (2) At the sub-basin scale, the minimum flow of both static and dynamic water supply services was the same, and the mean was significantly different. The maximum flow was also significantly different. Static water supply service flows were not significantly correlated with altitude, whereas dynamic water supply service flows were significantly correlated with altitude. (3) The demand area in the supply and demand pattern of water supply services based on dynamic ecosystem service flows was notably less than that based on static ecosystem service flows. The supply and demand patterns of water supply services defined the actual water shortage area, the area that pays for ecosystem services, and the areas of ecosystem service ecological compensation, providing a scientific basis for the safe and rational utilization of water resources in mountainous areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply and Demand Patterns Investigations of Water Supply Services Based on Ecosystem Service Flows in a Mountainous Area: Taihang Mountains Case Study

Gao,

Fu,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…Considering the low rainfall and high rainfall variability, water management is important for the optimal use of the available water resources [13] and for meeting the growing water demand in Botswana attributed to population growth [13][14][15]. The population in Botswana has increased from 650,832 in 1968 to nearly 2.4 million in 2021 at an annual growth rate of 1.94% [16,17]. Botswana has nine surface water-sourced dams, namely the Gaborone, Bokaa, Nnywane, Letsibogo, Ntimbale, Shashe, Lotsane, Dikgathong and Thune dams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use and Land Cover Change Modulates Hydrological Flows and Water Supply to Gaborone Dam Catchment, Botswana

Arsiso,

Mengistu Tsidu

2023

Water

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Identifying the mechanism through which changes in land use and land cover (LULC) modulate hydrological flows is vital for water resource planning and management. To examine the impact of LULC change on the hydrology of the Gaborone Dam catchment within the upper Limpopo basin, where Notwane river is the major river within the catchment, three LULC maps for the years 1997, 2008, and 2017 were established based on a mosaic of Landsat 5 for 1997 and 2008 and Landsat 8 for 2017. The 10 m-resolution Version 200 ESA World Land Cover Map for 2021 is used as a ground truth to train the random forest (RF) classifier to identify land cover classes from Landsat 8 imageries of 2021 using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) Python API. The overall accuracy/kappa coefficient of the RF classifier is 0.99/0.99 for the training and 0.73/0.68 for the validation data sets, which indicate excellent and substantial agreements with the ground truth, respectively. With this confidence in the LULC classification, the impact of LULC change on the hydrological flow within the catchment was estimated by employing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and indicator of hydrological alteration (IHA). The SWAT model calibration and validation were first performed, and the ability of the model to capture the observed stream flow was found to be good. The LULC maps from Landsat images during the 1997–2017 period show a decrease in forests and shrubland in contrast to an increase in pasture land. The expansion of pasture and cropland and the reduction in forests and shrubland led to a decline in the amount of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. Furthermore, the LULC change also caused a reduction in low flow during dry periods and an increase in high flow during the rainy season. The findings clearly demonstrate that LULC changes can affect the water table by altering soil water recharge capacity. The study highlighted the importance of LULC for catchment water resource management through land use planning to regulate the water level in the Gaborone Dam against the impact of climate change and growing water demands by the city of Gaborone due to population growth.

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Urban Water Crisis in the Global South

Izah,

Jacob,

Nеlson

et al. 2024

Water Crises and Sustainable Management in the Global South

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Developing a model for residential water demand in the Indian Himalayan Region of Ravangla, South Sikkim, India

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Supply and Demand Patterns Investigations of Water Supply Services Based on Ecosystem Service Flows in a Mountainous Area: Taihang Mountains Case Study

Supply and Demand Patterns Investigations of Water Supply Services Based on Ecosystem Service Flows in a Mountainous Area: Taihang Mountains Case Study

Land Use and Land Cover Change Modulates Hydrological Flows and Water Supply to Gaborone Dam Catchment, Botswana

Urban Water Crisis in the Global South

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