Developing a More Focal Magnetic Stimulator. Part I

Cohen, David B.; Cuffin, B. Neil

doi:10.1097/00004691-199101000-00013

Cited by 149 publications

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“…In this way, the magnetic field is used to penetrate scalp and skull, while the electric field generates secondary currents leading to neuronal activation in the brain. [1][2][3][4] TMS is capable of noninvasively stimulating a predetermined portion of the neuraxis and of temporarily modulating neuronal excitability (i.e., enhancing or suppressing this) at that site. 3,4 The expanding adoption of TMS into neuroscience research is reflected in the striking increase in PubMed publications when searching for transcranial magnetic stimulation: from 67 in 1990 to 1,488 in 2000 to 8,699 in 2012.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology

2013

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SummaryTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurophysiologic technique to noninvasively induce a controlled current pulse in a prespecified cortical target. This can be used to transiently disrupt the function of the targeted cortical region and explore causal relations to behavior, assess cortical reactivity, and map out functionally relevant brain regions, for example during presurgical assessments. Particularly when applied repetitively, TMS can modify cortical excitability and the effects can propagate trans-synaptically to interconnected cortical, subcortical, and spinal cord regions. As such, TMS can be used to assess the functional integrity of neural circuits and to modulate brain activity with potential therapeutic intent.

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confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology

2013

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“…Work by Cohen and Cuffin suggest heat and mechanical concerns cannot be easily surmounted, resulting in a lack of miniaturized mouse coil design and characterization [11]. In this study, we consider unexplored thermal and mechanical responses of miniaturized animal coils by analyzing our new coil system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of Novel Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil for Mice

et al. 2014

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has potential to treat various neurological disorders noninvasively and safely. There has been significant work on coil designs for use on the human brain; however, there are fewer reports on the coil design for small animal brains, such as mice. Such work is essential to validate TMS treatment procedures on animals prior to clinical trials. We report thermal and mechanical analysis of a new small-animal coil system designed to produce focused electric fields resulting in more selective deep-brain stimulation. Thermal and magnetic force analyses conducted at experimental TMS operating conditions are used to determine the mechanical stability of the new coil system. Low magnetic linear attraction and rotational forces suggest mechanical stability of the coil. Small temperature increase over a simulated 60 s TMS therapy session indicates that the coil system operates within safe temperature limits. This coil configuration can be used on mice to stimulate selective regions of the brain to study various neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has potential to treat various neurological disorders non-invasively and safely. There has been significant work on coil designs for use on the human brain; however, there are fewer reports on the coil design for small animal brains, such as mice. Such work is essential to validate TMS treatment procedures on animals prior to clinical trials. We report thermal and mechanical analysis of a new small-animal coil system designed to produce focused electric fields resulting in more selective deep-brain stimulation. Thermal and magnetic force analyses conducted at experimental TMS operating conditions are used to determine the mechanical stability of the new coil system. Low magnetic linear attraction and rotational forces suggest mechanical stability of the coil. Small temperature increase over a simulated 60-second TMS therapy session indicate the coil system operates within safe temperature limits. This coil configuration can be used on mice to stimulate selective regions of the brain to study various neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.

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“…1 Increasingly, TMS is showing promise for therapeutic purposes, but new applications are limited due to the rapid decrease of field intensity as a function of distance from the coils. 2,3 The ability to accurately target a specified brain region and to stimulate brain tissue at depth would allow new applications of the technique to be developed, which would replace invasive methods currently used to achieve these objectives. Attempts to improve the performance of TMS have been made by changing the coil design 4 as well as modifying the pulse shape 5 and current waveform.…”

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Developments in deep brain stimulation using time dependent magnetic fields

Crowther

Nlebedim

Jiles

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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The effect of head model complexity upon the strength of field in different brain regions for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been investigated. Experimental measurements were used to verify the validity of magnetic field calculations and induced electric field calculations for three 3D human head models of varying complexity. Results show the inability for simplified head models to accurately determine the site of high fields that lead to neuronal stimulation and highlight the necessity for realistic head modeling for TMS applications. KeywordsAmes Laboratory, Coils, Electric fields, Brain, Magnetic field measurements, Magnetic fields Disciplines Electromagnetics and Photonics CommentsThe following article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics 111 (2012): 07B325 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3676623. The effect of head model complexity upon the strength of field in different brain regions for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been investigated. Experimental measurements were used to verify the validity of magnetic field calculations and induced electric field calculations for three 3D human head models of varying complexity. Results show the inability for simplified head models to accurately determine the site of high fields that lead to neuronal stimulation and highlight the necessity for realistic head modeling for TMS applications.

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Developing a More Focal Magnetic Stimulator. Part I

Cited by 149 publications

References 0 publications

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology

Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of Novel Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil for Mice

Developments in deep brain stimulation using time dependent magnetic fields

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