Developing a Nitrogen Application Curve for Spray Chrysanthemums grown in Hydroponic System and its Practical Use in NFT System.

Yoon, Hae Suk; Goto, Tanjuro; Kageyama, Yoshihiro

doi:10.2503/jjshs.69.416

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(B) Using experimental data we found: (1) Plant water uptake was reported to be 0.7 L h -1 m -2 around noon on a summer day for chrysanthemum ( Voogt et al, 2000 ; Janka et al, 2013 ); 0.7 L h -1 m -2 around noon on a summer day for rose ( Baas and van Rijssel, 2006 ; Incrocci et al, 2014 ); and 0.5 L h -1 m -2 around noon in early April for tomato ( Nederhoff and De Graaf, 1993 ; Klaring and Zude, 2009 ). (2) Plant nutrient uptake was reported to be 0.7 L h -1 m -2 with a plant uptake EC of 1.5 dS m -1 for chrysanthemum ( Yoon et al, 2000a , b ; Shima et al, 2002 ; Fernandes et al, 2012 ; Kaplan et al, 2016 ) which we calculated to a maximum nutrient uptake of 10 meq h -1 m -2 ; or a plant uptake EC of 1.0 dS m -1 for radish and tomato ( Marcelis and Van Hooijdonk, 1999 ; Sonneveld and Voogt, 2009 ). (3) Plant oxygen uptake was reported mostly as uptake per gram of fresh root mass which does not allow an approach different from the one already shown.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Plant Uptakes for Water, Nutrients, and Oxygen Are Not Always Met by Irrigation Rate and Distribution in Water-based Cultivation Systems

et al. 2017

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Growing on rooting media other than soils in situ -i.e., substrate-based growing- allows for higher yields than soil-based growing as transport rates of water, nutrients, and oxygen in substrate surpass those in soil. Possibly water-based growing allows for even higher yields as transport rates of water and nutrients in water surpass those in substrate, even though the transport of oxygen may be more complex. Transport rates can only limit growth when they are below a rate corresponding to maximum plant uptake. Our first objective was to compare Chrysanthemum growth performance for three water-based growing systems with different irrigation. We compared; multi-point irrigation into a pond (DeepFlow); one-point irrigation resulting in a thin film of running water (NutrientFlow) and multi-point irrigation as droplets through air (Aeroponic). Second objective was to compare press pots as propagation medium with nutrient solution as propagation medium. The comparison included DeepFlow water-rooted cuttings with either the stem 1 cm into the nutrient solution or with the stem 1 cm above the nutrient solution. Measurements included fresh weight, dry weight, length, water supply, nutrient supply, and oxygen levels. To account for differences in radiation sum received, crop performance was evaluated with Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE) expressed as dry weight over sum of Photosynthetically Active Radiation. The reference, DeepFlow with substrate-based propagation, showed the highest RUE, even while the oxygen supply provided by irrigation was potentially growth limiting. DeepFlow with water-based propagation showed 15–17% lower RUEs than the reference. NutrientFlow showed 8% lower RUE than the reference, in combination with potentially limiting irrigation supply of nutrients and oxygen. Aeroponic showed RUE levels similar to the reference and Aeroponic had non-limiting irrigation supply of water, nutrients, and oxygen. Water-based propagation affected the subsequent cultivation in the DeepFlow negatively compared to substrate-based propagation. Water-based propagation resulted in frequent transient discolorations after transplanting in all cultivation systems, indicating a factor, other than irrigation supply of water, nutrients, and oxygen, influencing plant uptake. Plant uptake rates for water, nutrients, and oxygen are offered as a more fundamental way to compare and improve growing systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Plant Uptakes for Water, Nutrients, and Oxygen Are Not Always Met by Irrigation Rate and Distribution in Water-based Cultivation Systems

et al. 2017

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“…Bitkilerin normal gelişiminin sağlanabilmesi için parsellere eşit miktarda gübreleme yapılmıştır. Bitkilerin sulama ve gübrelemesinde kullanılan besin çözeltisinin iyon içeriği (mg L -1 ); N: 200, P: 20, K: 150, Ca: 80, Mg: 25, Fe: 3.0, Mn: 0.5, Cu: 0.02, Zn: 0.05, B: 0.5, Mo: 0.01'dir (Yoon et al 2000). Kısa gün koşullarını sağlamak ve erken çiçeklenmeyi teşvik etmek amacıyla bitkilere siyah renkli ışık geçirmez plastik örtüyle 17:00-08:00 saatleri arasında karartma uygulaması yapılmıştır.…”

Section: Kültürel Işlemlerunclassified

“…Dal ağırlığının 45 g'dan 70 g'a kadar yükselmesi durumunda satış fiyatında artış görülmekte, 75 gramın üzerindeki dal ağırlıkları artan nakliye masrafından dolayı tercih edilmemektedir. Japonya'da 80-90 cm uzunluğundaki sprey krizantemlerde boylama ve paketleme öncesinde dal ağırlığının 70 g, dalın dip kısmındaki (15-20 cm) yapraklar koparıldıktan sonra ise dal ağırlığının 50-55 g olması durumunda pazarda en kaliteli sınıfta yer almaktadır (Yoon et al 2000). Bu çalışmada, dal ağırlıkları bütün deneme konularında çiçek sapı uzunluklarına (40.04-81.72 cm) bağlı olarak 19.31-140.70 g arasında değişmiş ve her üç sulama aralığındaki (SA 1 , SA 2 ve SA 3 ) S 1 , S 2 ve S 3 konularından 70 g ve üzerinde dal ağırlıkları elde edilmiştir.…”

Section: Sulama Suyu Ve Bitki Su Tüketimiunclassified

Farklı sulama programlarının krizantemin kalitesi üzerine etkileri

KAZAZ¹

2016

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T r ×0.25) sera koşullarında yetiştirilen krizantem bitkisinin kalite parametrelerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2011 yılında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat türüne ait sprey krizantem çeşidi olan 'Bacardi' kullanılmıştır. Sera dışı radyasyon değerleri kullanılarak hesaplanan potansiyel bitki su tüketiminin (T r) farklı oranları bitkilere sulama suyu olarak uygulanmıştır. Deneme konularına göre sulama suyu miktarı 192.1-469.4 mm arasında, ölçülen bitki su tüketimi (ET a) ise 300.9-510.9 mm arasında değişmiştir. Farklı sulama suyu miktarları ve sulama aralıkları, çiçek sapı uzunluğunu, çiçek sapı kalınlığını, ikincil dal sayısını, bitki başına çiçek sayısını, dal ağırlığını, yaprak alan indeksini, vazo ömrünü ve kök uzunluğunu istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde etkilemiştir (P<0.05). Araştırmada, çiçek sapı uzunluğu, dal ağırlığı ve çiçek sapı kalınlıkları sırasıyla, 81.72-40.04 cm, 140.70-19.31 g ve 8.01-4.00 mm arasında değişmiştir. Dört gün aralıklarla hesaplanan potansiyel bitki su tüketimin 1.25 katının uygulandığı SA 2 S 2 deneme konusundan en kaliteli krizantemler elde edilmiş ve bu konu sulama programı olarak belirlenmiştir.

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“…The N requirements of chrysanthemums are known to be higher during the first seven weeks of growth, and during this time, deficiencies are more difficult to correct than in later stages of development [41]. Chrysanthemums take up N at an even rate from the time of planting until the flower bud differentiation stage where after N uptake decreases [42]. In chrysanthemums, the need for P is significantly lower than that of nitrogen [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between Chemical Fertilization and Integrated Nutrient Management: Yield, Quality, N, and P Contents in Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam. Cultivars

et al. 2019

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To assess the effects of a new integrated nutrient management protocol on yield and cut stem quality, root morphology, N accumulation, nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE), and P content in tissue, a biennial (2011 and 2012) chrysanthemum cut flower cultivation was carried out. In both years, two nutrition management (CNM: conventional NM and INM: integrated NM) treatments and two Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura cultivar (“White CV1” and “Yellow CV2”) treatments were compared. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. CNM was fertilized using a recommended dose fertilization of mineral NPK; INM treatment was fertilized using a half dose (50%) of CNM plus a combined usage of N organic fertilizer, seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum), and microrganism consortium (Glomus sp. and Bacillus sp.). Yield at harvest (+19%), number of leaves (+33%), leaf area (+46%), number of flower heads (+27%), and total aboveground dry weight (+40%) were significantly increased by the INM application compared to the control. In terms of the root system, the increase was evident in terms of length (+174%), volume (+167%), projected area (+166%), and surface area (+165%), tips (+175%), forks (+285%), and crossings (+464%). The greatest N accumulation, in both years, was registered by INM treatment at harvest: +94% in 2011 and +55% in 2012. Differences in the NM were evident in the NUE, which was highest in CNM (on average 162) compared to INM (on average 142). In both years the P content in above-ground chrysanthemum tissues was in the order of head > leaves > stems, which was maintained in both INM and CNM treatments. A higher yield (138 stems m−2) was obtained in “CV2 Yellow” compared to “CV1 White” (120 stems m−2). Based on our findings, applying INM to chrysanthemum improves yield, cut flower quality, and plant nutrient uptake, in an agro–environmentally sustainable way. A basic economic analysis on fertilizers, cost gross production, and takings difference obtained, was carried out.

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Developing a Nitrogen Application Curve for Spray Chrysanthemums grown in Hydroponic System and its Practical Use in NFT System.

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Maximum Plant Uptakes for Water, Nutrients, and Oxygen Are Not Always Met by Irrigation Rate and Distribution in Water-based Cultivation Systems

Maximum Plant Uptakes for Water, Nutrients, and Oxygen Are Not Always Met by Irrigation Rate and Distribution in Water-based Cultivation Systems

Farklı sulama programlarının krizantemin kalitesi üzerine etkileri

Comparison between Chemical Fertilization and Integrated Nutrient Management: Yield, Quality, N, and P Contents in Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam. Cultivars

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