Developing a novel assessment of interpretation flexibility: Reliability, validity and clinical implications

Deng, Wisteria; Everaert, Jonas; Creighton, Mackenzie; Bronstein, Michael V.; Cannon, Tyrone D.; Joormann, Jutta

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111548

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In parallel, moderation analyses indicated that the impact of ERD on anxiety is greater when anxiety is explained by positive flexibility (ΔR 2 = .060) than negative flexibility (ΔR 2 = .031). These findings supported prior work showing that negative and positive flexibility have differential effects in predicting affective symptoms [25-26], further confirming the distinct effects of negative and positive flexibility in explaining anxiety. Compared to negative flexibility, positive flexibility may be more closely related to the association between emotion regulation and anxiety.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The Interpretive Inflexibility Task (IIT) is a picture-based scenario task developed from the Emotional BADE task [25][26]. In contrast to the verbal scenarios used in the Emotional BADE task, each of the 24 IIT scenarios is based on a photograph of an interpersonal situation and is progressively presented to the respondents, with 12 leading to a positive resolution and 12 leading to a negative resolution.…”

Section: Cognitive Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IIT produces an interpretation bias index reflecting moment-to-moment fluctuations in interpretation bias (1), with a high interpretation bias index indicating high flexibility in revising initial biased interpretations. Scenarios that lead to a positive resolution were scored for positive flexibility, whereas scenarios that lead to a negative resolution were scored for negative flexibility [25].…”

Section: Cognitive Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderating the link between discrimination and adverse mental health outcomes: Examining the protective effects of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation

Zhu

Deng

2023

Preprint

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Discrimination is associated with mental health problems. While prior research has demonstrated the significance of emotion regulation in explaining the onset and development of discrimination-related anxiety, few studies investigated this dynamic with cognitive flexibility among sexual and/or racial minority individuals. The current study incorporated cognitive flexibility to investigate its potential buffering effects on discrimination-related anxiety. 221 individuals, 37.6% of whom (n = 83) identified as sexual and/or racial minorities, responded to an online questionnaire about their levels of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation, perceived discrimination, and anxiety. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted with these variables. Our findings indicated that emotion regulation difficulty (ERD) mediated the relationship between discrimination and anxiety, while cognitive flexibility had a strong moderating effect on the relationship between ERD and anxiety. These results suggested new research directions and implied the therapeutic potential of advancing cognitive flexibility skills with emotion regulation training in anxiety prevention and treatments. Future research is needed to investigate cognitive flexibility as a transdiagnostic mechanism underlying the onset and development of anxiety, to potentially lead to novel prevention or intervention for marginalized people facing additional stressors like discrimination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Cognitive Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderating the link between discrimination and adverse mental health outcomes: Examining the protective effects of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation

Zhu

Deng

2023

Preprint

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“…Our data provide a robust foundation for future work using the Adolescent Emotional BADE Task. As predicted, in the finalized scenario set, explanation plausibility ratings unfolded in a manner suggestive of interpretation revision -True ratings became increasingly plausible while Lures became progressively less sojust as is observed in the adult task (Deng et al, 2022(Deng et al, , 2023Everaert et al, 2018Everaert et al, , 2020Everaert et al, , 2021. Moreover, the variancecovariance structure for average True and Lure explanation ratings across scenarios was highly similar to that seen with the adult task (see: Everaert et al, 2018Everaert et al, , 2020Everaert et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Social interpretation inflexibility moderates emotional reactions to social situations in children and adolescents

Gadassi Polack,

Bronstein,

Questel

et al. 2023

Dev Psychopathol

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Interpretation biases and inflexibility (i.e., difficulties revising interpretations) have been linked to increased internalizing symptoms. Although adolescence is a developmental period characterized by novel social situations and increased vulnerability to internalizing disorders, no studies have examined interpretation inflexibility in adolescents. Additionally, no studies (on adolescents or adults) have examined interpretation flexibility as a protective factor against adverse outcomes of interpersonal events. Using a novel task and a 28-day diary we examined relations among interpretation bias and inflexibility, internalizing symptoms, and negative interpersonal events in a sample of children and adolescents (N = 159, ages 9–18). At baseline, negative interpretation bias was positively correlated with social anxiety symptoms, and positive interpretation bias negatively correlated with social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Inflexible positive interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety and depressive symptoms, while inflexible negative interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety. Finally, interpretation inflexibility moderated daily associations between negative interpersonal events and depressive symptoms in daily life, such that higher inflexibility was associated with stronger associations between interpersonal events and subsequent depressive symptoms, potentially increasing depressive symptom instability. These results suggest that interpretation biases and inflexibility may act as both risk and protective factors for adolescent anxiety and depression.

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“…Several computerized measures of positive and negative interpretation biases have been developed to obtain objective assessments of reaction time (e.g., Word Sentence Association Paradigm [WSAP]; Beard & Amir, 2009) or for use as manipulation checks in cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I) procedures (e.g., Recognition Task; Salemink & Van Den Hout, 2010). These tasks use either verbal (e.g., word or sentence completion tasks, written scenarios/vignettes, such as the WSAP [Beard & Amir, 2009] or Emotional BADE Task [Everaert et al, 2018]) or visual stimuli (e.g., neutral vs. threatening facial expressions or videos, such as the Interpretation Inflexibility Task; Deng et al, 2022). Results of a recent meta-analysis indicated that subjective measures of interpretation bias (e.g., self-report) and tasks using verbal stimuli (e.g., written scenarios/vignettes) demonstrated stronger associations with social anxiety than computerized objective measures (e.g., reaction time) or tasks using visual stimuli (e.g., facial expressions, videos; J.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Measure of Positive and Negative Interpretation Biases: Development and Validation of the Ambiguous Social Scenarios Questionnaire

Baumgardner,

LaGattuta,

Allen

2023

Assessment

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Positive and negative interpretation biases have been conceptualized as distinct constructs related to anxiety and social anxiety, but the field lacks psychometrically sound self-report measures to assess positive and negative interpretations of social ambiguity. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Ambiguous Social Scenarios Questionnaire (ASSQ) in two samples of 2,188 and 454 undergraduates with varying levels of anxiety. Results supported a bifactor model with a general interpretation bias factor and specific factors assessing positive and negative interpretation biases. The ASSQ demonstrated measurement invariance across genders and levels of social anxiety, as well as convergent and incremental validity with two existing measures of interpretation bias. It also demonstrated concurrent validity with attentional control, intolerance of uncertainty, total anxiety, and social anxiety and discriminant validity with emotional awareness. Findings support the ASSQ as a brief, valid, and reliable measure of positive and negative interpretation biases toward ambiguous social situations.

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Developing a novel assessment of interpretation flexibility: Reliability, validity and clinical implications

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

Moderating the link between discrimination and adverse mental health outcomes: Examining the protective effects of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation

Moderating the link between discrimination and adverse mental health outcomes: Examining the protective effects of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation

Social interpretation inflexibility moderates emotional reactions to social situations in children and adolescents

A Brief Measure of Positive and Negative Interpretation Biases: Development and Validation of the Ambiguous Social Scenarios Questionnaire

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