Developing a quick and inexpensive <i>in vitro</i> (non‐animal) bioassay for mascara irritation

Thomason, H.; Montagnes, David J. S.

doi:10.1111/ics.12106

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is important to emphasize how, in protozoa the genomic sequencing and the in vivo studies have demonstrated that they can represent excellent bio‐assay in the field of studies on human health such as extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic field exposure . Moreover, in our previous studies, P. primaurelia was shown to be an excellent in vivo model , which pointed out the photobiostimulatory effects of a 808 nm diode laser, in continuous wave (CW), 64 J cm −2 – 1 W, irradiated by flat‐top hand‐piece, on the oxygen consumption , ATP synthesis swimming speed and food vacuole formation as well as on the fission rate rhythm .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Photobiomodulation by Infrared Diode Laser: Effects on Intracellular Calcium Concentration and Nitric Oxide Production of Paramecium

Amaroli

Benedicenti

Ferrando

et al. 2016

Photochem & Photobiology

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In Paramecium, cilia beating is correlated to intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca ]i) and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Recent findings affirm that photobiomodulation (PBM) can transiently increase the [Ca ]i in mammalian cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of both 808 and 980 nm diode laser irradiated with flat-top hand-piece on [Ca ]i and NO production of Paramecium primaurelia, to provide basic information for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In the experiments, the laser power in CW varied (0.1; 0.5; 1; and 1.5 W) to generate the following respective fluences: 6.4; 32; 64; and 96 J cm . The 6.4 J cm did not induce PBM if irradiated by both 808 and 980 nm diode laser. Conversely, the 32 J cm fluence had no effect on Paramecium cells if irradiated by the 808 nm laser, while if irradiated by the 980 nm laser induced increment in swimming speed (suggesting an effect on the [Ca ]i, NO production, similar to the 64 J cm with the 808 nm wavelength). The more evident discordance occurred with the 96 J cm fluence, which had the more efficient effect on PBM among the parameters if irradiated with the 808 nm laser and killed the Paramecium cells if irradiated by the 980 nm laser. Lastly, the 980 nm and 64 or 96 J cm were the only parameters to induce a release of stored calcium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Photobiomodulation by Infrared Diode Laser: Effects on Intracellular Calcium Concentration and Nitric Oxide Production of Paramecium

Amaroli

Benedicenti

Ferrando

et al. 2016

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…This means that the experimental responses of protozoa can be correlated with those of more-complex organisms (6). It is important to emphasise how the identification, in protozoans, of molecules responsible for neurotransmission that are similar to those in metazoans (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), as well as the genomic sequence analyses of several protozoa (13,14), have demonstrated that they can represent excellent bioindicators in field studies on human health (15)(16)(17), including studies elucidating the effects of pesticides (6,18), extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (19)(20)(21)(22), and PBM (23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protozoan, Paramecium primaurelia, as a Non-sentient Model to Test Laser Light Irradiation: The Effects of an 808nm Infrared Laser Diode on Cellular Respiration

et al. 2015

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used in clinical practice for more than 40 years. Unfortunately, conflicting literature has led to the labelling of PBM as a complementary or alternative medicine approach. However, past and ongoing clinical and research studies by reputable investigators have re-established the merits of PBM as a genuine medical therapy, and the technique has, in the last decade, seen an exponential increase in the numbers of clinical instruments available, and their applications. This resurgence has led to a clear need for appropriate experimental models to test the burgeoning laser technology being developed for medical applications. In this context, an ethical model that employs the protozoan, Paramecium primaurelia, is proposed. We studied the possibility of using the measure of oxygen consumption to test PBM by irradiation with an infrared or near-infrared laser. The results show that an 808nm infrared laser diode (1W; 64J/cm2) affects cellular respiration in P. primaurelia, inducing, in the irradiated cells, a significantly (p < 0.05) increased oxygen consumption of about 40%. Our findings indicate that Paramecium can be an excellent tool in biological assays involving infrared and near-infrared PBM, as it combines the advantages of in vivo results with the practicality of in vitro testing. This test represents a fast, inexpensive and straightforward assay, which offers an alternative to both traditional in vivo testing and more-expensive mammalian cellular cultures.

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“…To date, not much research has been performed to test the waterproof of eye make‐up products, and those that have have focused on formulation or ingredients , adverse reactions and safety , and methods to test safety . In particular, the waterproofing composition and the test method for waterproof ability of mascara have been previously been described, for example in United States 5 959 009 and WO 1992019215.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposal of a standardized protocol to evaluate waterproof effect of eyeliner and mascara

Kim¹,

Seo²,

Boo

et al. 2016

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Developing a quick and inexpensive in vitro (non‐animal) bioassay for mascara irritation

Abstract: We have provided a novel, quick and inexpensive means to assess mascara; the next step is to validate these ciliate bioassays by comparison with animal testing and epidemiological studies, which is beyond the scope of this fundamental 'proof-of-concept' study.

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Photobiomodulation by Infrared Diode Laser: Effects on Intracellular Calcium Concentration and Nitric Oxide Production of Paramecium

Photobiomodulation by Infrared Diode Laser: Effects on Intracellular Calcium Concentration and Nitric Oxide Production of Paramecium

The Protozoan, Paramecium primaurelia, as a Non-sentient Model to Test Laser Light Irradiation: The Effects of an 808nm Infrared Laser Diode on Cellular Respiration

A proposal of a standardized protocol to evaluate waterproof effect of eyeliner and mascara

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