Developing a Sealing Material: Effect of Epoxy Modification on Specific Physical and Mechanical Properties

Abstract

To develop a matched sealing material for socket rehabilitation of grey cast iron pipes, an epoxy resin is modified by the addition of different components to improve the flexibility. Three different modifications are made by adding ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber powder, reactive liquid polymer (ATBN) and epoxidized modifier. In this paper the effect of the modification method as well as the influence of absorption of water on the mechanical and physical properties are analyzed in terms of: tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, adhesion performance, pressure resistance, glass transition temperature and water content. A comparison with neat epoxy shows for all materials that the modulus of elasticity and strength decrease. Unlike other tested modification methods, the modification with rubber powder did not enhance the flexibility. All materials absorb water and a plasticization effect arises with further changes of mechanical and physical properties. The application of the sealant on the grey cast iron leads to a reduction of the strain at break (in comparison to the common tensile test of the pure materials) and has to be evaluated. The main requirement of pressure resistance up to 1 MPa was tested on two chosen materials. Both materials fulfill this requirement.

Physico-Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of Mycelium-Based Biocomposites: A Review

“…Mycelium-based materials are fully biodegradable on the condition that neither persistent glue, varnish nor coating was added (particularly in MBSCs), although this treatment is expected to significantly improve physical and mechanical properties [105]. To date, natural glues mostly have been tested to prevent the fungus from failing in its growth as a consequence of xenobiotic stress [22].…”

Core–Shell Rubber Nanoparticle-Modified CFRP/Steel Ambient-Cured Adhesive Joints: Curing Kinetics and Mechanical Behavior

“…Fracture toughness of an epoxy adhesives can be improved by incorporating rubberbased additives such as a carboxyl-terminated copolymer of butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) [21][22][23], amine-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (ATBN) [24], CSR nanoparticles, and natural liquid rubbers [25] to the epoxy base resin. However, the introduction of rubber-based additives to epoxy matrix can result in a significant reduction of T g [26], adhesive strength and elastic modulus of epoxy [15,24].…”

“…Fracture toughness of an epoxy adhesives can be improved by incorporating rubberbased additives such as a carboxyl-terminated copolymer of butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) [21][22][23], amine-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (ATBN) [24], CSR nanoparticles, and natural liquid rubbers [25] to the epoxy base resin. However, the introduction of rubber-based additives to epoxy matrix can result in a significant reduction of T g [26], adhesive strength and elastic modulus of epoxy [15,24]. CSR nanoparticles consisting of a soft rubbery core (like polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA) surrounded by a hard shell can be functionalized to improve the compatibility between the base resin and nanoparticles [15], eliminating phase-separation challenges observed with CTBN, while improving fracture toughness to epoxy [15,27].…”

Synthesis and Tribological Studies of Branched Alcohol Derived Epoxidized Biodiesel

“…Many strategies are applied to reduce unsaturation in vegetable oil, including selective hydrogenation [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], epoxidation [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], and esterification [ 13 ]. In selective hydrogenation, hydrogen is added to the C=C double bond to improve oxidative stability.…”