Developing a simulation‐optimisation model for quantitative and qualitative control of urban run‐off using best management practices

Abstract

The management of urban run-off is considered a success when the issues of flood and pollution are properly addressed. Flood can be controlled by reduction of peak flows and by treating polluted run-off. Best management practices (BMPs) are important tools for reducing pollutants and run-offs. Location of BMPs is an important factor in determining their optimum arrangement. In this paper, based on simulation-optimisation model, a methodology has been proposed to select proper BMPs with optimum arrangements. Quality and quantity of water flow in urban area were modelled, using Storm Water Management Model. Multi objective particle swarm optimisation was also used to reach the BMP layouts so that the peak flow and pollutant concentration can be effectively minimised. The proposed methodology was developed for district number 10 of Tehran municipality. The results showed that the proposed methodology could lead to an improvement in quantity and quality of run-off. For example, different combination of 32 BMPs led to a decrease in peak flow for 2, 5 and 10-year return periods as much as 10%, 21%, and 13%, respectively, while the combination of 45 BMPs decreased the total suspended solids mean concentration for 2, 5 and 10-year return periods as much as 50%, 57%, and 59%, respectively.

Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: a state-of-the-art review of the research area

“…Optimisation of NBS strategies has been increasingly used in the context of urban stormwater management. Most of the studies focus on minimising water quantity and improving water quality by selecting the type, design, size and location of NBSs (Behroozi et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2015;Giacomoni and Joseph, 2017;Zhang and Chui, 2018). Zhang and Chui (2018) systematically reviewed optimisation models that have different structures, objectives and allocation components.…”

Nature-Based Solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: A state-of-the-art review of the research area

“…Porous pavement appears as one of the most popular measures suitable to combine with other NBS for urban run-off management. Examples of this are described in Behroozi et al, (2018) who selected swales and porous pavement to reduce peak flow and mean Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration. Hu et al, (2017) used inundation modelling to evaluate the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting and pervious pavement as retrofitting technologies for flood inundation mitigation at urbanized watershed.…”

“…Optimisation of NBS strategies has been increasingly used in the urban stormwater management context. Most of the studies to date focus on minimising water quantity and improving water quality by selecting the type, design, size and location of NBS (Behroozi et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2015;Giacomoni and Joseph, 2017;Zhang and Chui, 2018). Zhang and Chui (2018) have systematically reviewed optimisation models that have different structures, objectives and allocation components.…”

“…The modified Particle Swarm Optimization (NPSO) is used by (Duan et al, 2016) to solve the Multi-Objective Optimal (MOO) of the cost-effectiveness of NBS based detention tank design. Similarly, Behroozi et al, (2018) used the multiobjective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO) to deal with multi-objective optimisation problem by coupling it with SWMM to optimise the peak flow and mean TSS concentration reduction by changing the combinations of NBS.…”

Flood mitigation measures in an era of evolving flood risk

“…For example, large‐scale structural measures to reduce flood risk have been the focus of recent research including assessment of the effect of simulated detention basins to reduce peak flow from extreme precipitation events and protect downstream areas from flooding (Vieira, Barreto, Figueira, Lousada, & Prada, 2018) and investigation into the performance of emergency measures (e.g., sand bags) for flood prevention and protection (Lendering, Jonkman, & Kok, 2016). Recent research into the performance of green infrastructure, such as low impact development (LID) or best management practices (BMPs), has sought to identify optimal arrangement of BMPs (e.g., vegetative swales and porous pavement) to address water quantity and quality challenges associated with floods (Behroozi, Niksokhan, & Nazariha, 2018) and examine public perception and behaviour surrounding green infrastructure (e.g., bioswales) to evaluate how these measures can be implemented most successfully (Everett, Lamond, Morzillo, Matsler, & Chan, 2018). Further research is seeking to evaluate the performance of combinations of various flood mitigation measures and strategies, such as the application of both engineered approaches and land use approaches to address muddy runoff flooding stemming from soil erosion from agricultural fields (Boardman & Vandaele, 2020), assessing the effectiveness of structural (e.g., new pipes to convey runoff and storage tanks to detain flow) and nonstructural (e.g., early warning systems and deployment of emergency response personnel to close flood prone areas) measures to deal with increased flood risk resulting from extreme precipitation due to climate change (Velasco et al, 2018), and identify optimal arrangements of conventional stormwater management strategies and LID measures for flood mitigation purposes (Zhou, Lai, & Blohm, 2019).…”