Developing a Sufficient Protocol for the Enhancement of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity by Urena lobata L. Aeroponic Hairy Roots Using Exogenous Factors, a Precursor, and an Elicitor

Abstract

Aeroponics is considered as a potential method for the culture of herbal plants due to the high growth rate, quantity and quality enhancement of secondary metabolites, and substantial environmental progress associated with this method. The aim of this study was to develop a sufficient protocol for successful Urena lobata hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834, using a precursor and elicitor to enhance α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (GIA) of aeroponic hairy roots (AHRs) in greenhouse conditions. In this study, we found that the optimized procedure (10 min, Woody plant medium (WPM), 1/25 salt strength) had an outstanding effect with a reduction in the rooting time (RT), promotion of the rooting rate (RR), and increase in the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) compared with the original procedure (30 min, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 1/25 salt strength) after 30 days of culture. The highest DW, GIA, flavonoid (FLA) and phenolic (PHEL) contents were observed for individual addition of 10 mM phenylalanine (PA) or 50 mM chitosan (CS) in the late exponential phase (eighth week) with 15 days of elicitation compared to the control AHRs. However, individual treatment was less effective than the combination of the two. Positive correlations among the GIA, FLA and PHEL indicate that AHRs accumulated phenolic compounds, leading to an increase in the GIA by a synergistic effect. In conclusion, the culture of Urena lobata AHRs with PA and CS is an efficient procedure to produce GIA material in greenhouse conditions. The treatment of type II diabetes is sophisticated in terms of the variety of risk factors, one of which is the considerably rapid development of postprandial hyperglycemia [5]. Postprandial hyperglycemia occurs through the reaction of α-glucosidase and α-amylase in order to produce glucose. Therefore, by restricting or reducing the activity of these enzymes, the occurrence of postprandial hyperglycemia should decrease. The inhibition of α-glucosidase activity leads to a deterioration in disaccharide hydrolysis which has substantial long-term effects on glycemic index control in diabetic patients [6]. In recent years, natural medicines from plants have been used as useful treatments without any side effects.Hairy roots (HRs) are established from the interaction between Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the host plant (gene transformation from bacteria to the genome of the plant) [7]. There are numerous merits that accrue from the collaboration; in particular, a high growth rate without the dependence of any exogenous hormones, genetic stability, and a high branching rate. In addition, the ability to produce secondary metabolites remains stable. Hence, the HR cultural technique is considered to be an attractive substitute for the manufacture of tremendously valuable natural secondary metabolites instead of bud or callus cultures [8].Accompanied by the significant progress of modern techniques, aeroponics is a new method that has been adapted from classical hydroponics. Compared with hydropon...

Induction, Flavonoids Contents, and Bioactivities Analysis of Hairy Roots and True Roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg

“…More than 300 species of hairy roots have been established in the culture system and used to produce bioactive compounds. Of these, 76% are herbaceous plants, such as the sunflower Helianthus annuus L. [ 14 ], as well as Urena lobata [ 15 ] and Centella asiatica [ 16 ]. Because of the difficulty in infecting woody plants and lianas, woody plants such as Taxus × media have accounted for 17% [ 17 ], while lianas such as Tripterygium wilfordii have accounted for 7% [ 18 ].…”

Validation of Aeroponic Cultivation of Jalapeño Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) through Thermal and Morphometric Characterization of Roots and Leaves

“…Aeroponics is a soilless cultivation technique [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], it is considered a potential method for cultivation of herbal plants due to the high growth rate and improvement in quantity and quality of production [26,27]. In aeroponic crops, to achieve maximum efficiency, it is important to analyze the environments with which the plants interact.…”

Evaluation of enzymatic production of hydrolases and oxyredutases by Fusarium pseudocircinatum and Corynespora torulosa isolated from caesarweed (Urena lobata L., 1753)

“…Urena lobata L., 1753 (Malvaceae), which is popularly known as caesarweed, is an agricultural crop that is the raw material used in the production of screens, ropes, book covers, and sacks used in the exports of agricultural products, such as coffee (Cao et al, 2020;Cunha et al, 2021). In the Amazonas state, Brazil, caesarweed has adapted to the floodplain areas of whitewater rivers, mainly in the channels of the Solimões and Amazon Rivers, and is concentrated in the municipalities of Anamã, Anori, Beruri, Caapiranga, Coari, Codajás, Iranduba, Itacoatiara, Manacapuru and Parintins.…”