Developing a Technology for the Direct Alloying of Steel with Manganese in an Electric-Arc Furnace

Nokhrina, O. I.; Komshukov, V. P.; Dmitrienko, V. I.

doi:10.1023/b:mell.0000042823.58263.e3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Chromium is conventionally added to steels in the form of standard ferroalloys [1] whose production is very energy-intensive [2–9], needing a large amount of electric power (2.4-4.8 MWh/t) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…8 M W h t 21 ). 10 Direct alloying using oxide bearing ores, concentrate or even alloying element containing slags raised has attracted the interest of researchers, as the application of this technology has the advantages of raw material and electric energy savings and high alloying element yield. Thus, direct alloying offers a promising technology for steelmaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these elements are manganese and chromium, which were singled out for the more interest. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Compared with manganese alloying, direct chromium alloying is more commonly implemented by smelting reduction in a converter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct chromium alloying by smelting reduction of mill scale and low grade chromite ore

El-Fawkhry

Eissa

Shahein

2015

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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Direct alloying is the process in which all of the elements needed for alloying can be reduced from their oxides in a furnace or a ladle. This process is one way of reducing the amounts of energy and materials, reducing the loss of alloying elements and improving working condition. Mill scale produced in rolling mills is considered a rich iron source (.67%Fe) with minimum impurities. In the present paper, iron high Cr alloy was produced by a direct alloying with chromium in carbothermal reduction using fine of low grade chromites ore and mill scale. The smelting experimental heats were carried out in a 5 kg pilot plant submerged electric arc furnace. The charging materials and reduction parameters were varied, and the optimum conditions for obtaining alloy with the highest metallic yield and the highest iron and chromium recovery were determined. When using coke as the reducing agent in stoichiometric amounts, for a mixture of mill scale (55%) and chromite ore (45%), 89 ? 1% of the iron and 72 ? 5% of the chromium were recovered, producing iron high Cr alloy containing 17 ? 9Cr-3 ? 73C-0 ? 46Mn-1 ? 47Si. The maximum iron and chromium recoveries obtained were 99 ? 3 and 72 ? 5%, respectively, when using excess carbon. The present study clarifies the possibility of using a mixture of chromite ore, mill scale and coke as the precursor for direct chromium alloying. This method offers an alternative process route with cheaper raw materials and fewer process steps (by avoiding the step of ferrochrome production) for producing high chromium iron or steel alloys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct chromium alloying by smelting reduction of mill scale and low grade chromite ore

El-Fawkhry

Eissa

Shahein

2015

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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“…In recent years, usage of all kinds of ferroalloys in the steel making has been receiving more and more attentions. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Zhu et al 2) proposed deoxidation mechanism of Al-killed in the industrial refining based on the measured and calculated oxygen activities in Al-killed bulk steel. In order to add nitrogen into normal steel and stainless steel, Gaye et al 12) investigated nitrogen alloying of carbon or stainless steels by bottom nitrogen gas injection in convert-…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Size of Ferrotitanium on the Melting Behavior and the Yield in the Refining of Interstitial Free Steel by RH De-gasser

et al. 2018

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“…Kologrivova et al [4] showed that primary manganese ore can be reduced by direct alloying steel; and up to 2% manganese can be alloyed; the quality of steel corresponded to that alloyed with manganese ferroalloys. Nokhrina et al [5] pointed out that silicon was the element that actually reduced manganese. These authors concluded that direct manganese alloying in electric arc furnace can reduce the consumption of manganese and silicon; the manganese assimilation in the steel can reach 90-95%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct chromium alloying by chromite ore with the presence of metallic iron

Wang

Teng

et al. 2013

J min metall B Metall

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Direct chromium alloying by chromite ore in EAF operation is a promising process in stainless steel production, which has the advantage of resource-saving, energy-saving, and environment-friendly. In the present investigation, iron, carbon, and chromite ore mixture (Fe+C+FeCr2O4) were chosen as the precursor for direct chromium alloying. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of iron content on the reduction kinetics, and the results show that the presence of metallic iron in the precursor will increase the reduction rate of chromite. Up-scaling experiments (100 g and 500 g scale) have been carried out in the induction furnace to further test the effectiveness of using industrial chromite ore for direct chromium alloying. The induction furnace tests confirmed the necessity of adjusting composition of the slags to ensure high yield of chromium in the final products; and chromium yield can reach 90%

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Developing a Technology for the Direct Alloying of Steel with Manganese in an Electric-Arc Furnace

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Direct chromium alloying by smelting reduction of mill scale and low grade chromite ore

Direct chromium alloying by smelting reduction of mill scale and low grade chromite ore

Effect of Size of Ferrotitanium on the Melting Behavior and the Yield in the Refining of Interstitial Free Steel by RH De-gasser

Direct chromium alloying by chromite ore with the presence of metallic iron

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