The construction industry has always been fiercely competitive, so it also has high requirements for project quality. Most of the construction period is tight, moreover, the contract cost also shows a downward trend, leading to problems in the quality, duration and cost target management of construction enterprises. This paper focuses on how to improve the management technology of construction projects, ensure that the quality, duration and cost of construction projects can be realized at the same time, and improve the competitiveness and economic benefits of construction enterprises. Based on deep learning, the assumptions of project management optimization are given, and a mathematical model for the comprehensive control of quality, cost and duration is established. The model is solved using MATLAB. Finally, the comprehensive control measures of the construction scheme are given to provide reference for relevant researchers.