“…Then, the preliminary barriers to IM were categorized as contractual, economic, use of technology, statutory and legislative compliance, planning, coordination, communication, and acts of God, as depicted in Table 1. (Al-Hammad, 1995;Al-Hammad and Al-Hammad, 1996;Al-Hammad, 2000;Ayudhya, 2011;Eray, et al, 2017;Sha'ar, et al, 2017;Abu-Reishah and Hiyassat, 2021) 2 Contractual Contractual performance delays and client's delay in design approvals (Al-Hammad, 1995;Weshah, et al, 2013;Pauwels, Zhang and Lee, 2017;Sha'ar, et al, 2017;Sweis, et al, 2019;Elhusseiny, Nosair and Ezeldin, 2021) Phase (Al-Hammad, 1995;Weshah, et al, 2013;Kim, Lee and Choi, 2019;Lee, et al, 2019;Yang, et al, 2019) 4 Contractual Ambiguous contract language and poor drafting of contractual agreement (Al-Hammad and Al-Hammad, 1996;Al-Hammad, 2000;Huang, et al, 2008;Ayudhya, 2011;Assaf, et al, 2019;Nguyen and Phu Nguyen, 2020) 5 and Beliveau, 2008;Huang, et al, 2008;Ayudhya, 2011;Famiyeh, et al, 2017)…”