“…TQM is a diffuse concept and an abstract term, with many vague descriptions, and no generally accepted definition or agreed content. Mosadeghrad (2011) in an attempt to define TQM found 73 different definitions of TQM in the literature. TQM has been variously defined as an "Approach" (Flynn et al, 1994), a "Culture" (Kanji and Yui, 1997), a "Philosophy" (Joyce et al, 2006), a "System" (Hellsten and Klefsjö, 2000), a "Strategy" (Harvey and Brown, 2001), a "Programme" (Joss and Kogan, 1995), a "Process" (Almaraz, 1994), a "Technology" (Camison, 1996), and a "Technique" (Wong et al, 2010).…”