Developing Biracial Ethnic Identity: A Review of the Increasing Dilemma

Herring, Roger D.

doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.1995.tb00264.x

Cited by 60 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…They also noted that the children rarely reported feeling pressure to 'choose' one identity over another-a common theme in the biracial development literature discussed earlier (Herring, 1995). Overall, the authors concluded that the study's children showed evidence of holding a dual ethnic or cultural identity, as they seemed to culturally identify with the dominant culture, but also self-describing themselves based on their birth ethnicity.…”

Section: Research On Biculturalism In Tra/icamentioning

confidence: 80%

“…However, some researchers have argued that biracial children often lack access to one or another of their racial groups, and instead they are often forced to "choose" one over another (Herring, 1995;Williams, 1999). In that case, this author argues that the child would be biologically biracial, but not bicultural-a distinction all but absent from the literature.…”

Section: Bicultural and Biracial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been described as the ability to function in two different cultures, by switching between two sets of norms, values and attitudes (Rotheram & Phinney, 1987). Biracial, on the other hand, describes the person who is typically of mixed parentage, who simultaneously possesses the biological attributes of two different racial groups (Herring, 1995;Kich, 1992).…”

Section: Bicultural and Biracial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rosenthal (1987) also believes that biculturalism permits the individual to select the features of the two cultures, allowing a "psychological flexibility" that enhances the person's adaptability in different situations. As such, biculturalism has become the goal in socialising many of the minority and biracial children in the U.S.A. (Herring, 1995). They can now "pick both" instead of the former tendency to have to "choose one" ethnic group.…”

Section: Bicultural and Biracial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, much of the bicultural literature seems to focus on race, and often examines black/white biracial groups in particular (Brown, 1990;Herring, 1995), although occasionally other biracial combinations such as black and Japanese (Fukuyama, 1999), or white and Japanese (Kich, 1992) are seen in the literature. While admittedly members of any of these groups may also be bicultural, this theoretical overlap highlights another of the major shortcoming in the literature-the failure of investigators to include in their models or empirical populations, people who may have gained a second "culture" that is not racially-different from their first culture-people who are bicultural, but not biracial.…”

Section: Bicultural and Biracial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Theoretical Look at Biculturalism in Intercountry Adoption

Scherman

2010

Journal of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity in Social Work

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Intercountry adoption has been, and continues to be, a popular method of family formation worldwide, as well as a means of pro-viding homes for children who would otherwise remain parentless. The popularity of this social welfare practice suggests that countless families continue to face the challenges of raising children whose ethnicities derive from two different ethnic backgrounds. Yet, virtually no research exists on the development of a bicultural ethnic identity in intercountry adoption. Instead, research has focused on the importance of birth-culture socialisation, or the lack thereof. Faced with too little direct research on the subject, this paper synthesises and critically reviews literature from the ethnic socialisation, biracial, acculturation and adoption fields. The aim was two-fold: (1) extrapolate key elements of the literature that inform on the development of biculturalism in intercountry adoptions; and (2) identify gaps in the literature. Suggestions for future research and practice are made.

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Section: Research On Biculturalism In Tra/icamentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Bicultural and Biracial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bicultural and Biracial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bicultural and Biracial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bicultural and Biracial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Theoretical Look at Biculturalism in Intercountry Adoption

Scherman

2010

Journal of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity in Social Work

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Racial Identification among Multiracial Youth: Implications for Adjustment

Herman¹

2007

Handbook of Race, Racism, and the Developing Child

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Red as an Apple: Native American Acculturation and Counseling With or Without Reservation

Garrett

Pichette²

2000

Jour of Counseling & Develop

132

142

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The United States has a long history of advocating policies of both extermination and assimilation of Native peoples. This historical context provides an important backdrop for understanding issues of trust/mistrust and the impact of acculturation on Native Americans who often find they have to reconcile 2 cultures. Therefore, counselors must assess a Native American client's level of acculturation rather than making assumptions based on the limited information offered by appearance or other personal characteristics. The Native American Acculturation Scale is presented as an operationalized means of formally or informally assessing a Native American client's cultural identity.One day a long time ago, my father was up in the Smoky Mountains with his grandfather, learning some of the Ways from the old man. They had walked way up into the mountains where they could gather certain herbs and other special things only found in sacred places that are closer to Galunlati (the Sky World). Grandfather was instructing my father to collect certain things as they went and to carry everything that they had found. But this became increasingly more difficult because he only had so many pockets or other places in which to carry things and it became more and more difficult to walk with so much stuff. But the old man was walking along easily and just kept finding more things for them to carry back. Pretty soon, my fathers hands and arms were full and all his pockets too. He was completely loaded down with all of these things and had nowhere else to put anything. But Grandfather just kept on going. Suddenly, the old man spotted a very special stone that was rather large. He asked my father to pick it up, telling him that it was very important, and kept on walking. But my father, who could not pick up the special stone, answered in frustration, But Grandfather, my hands are full . . . The old man spun around and smiled cleverly. Then I guess youll just have to drop something, he said, and kept on going.T he United States consists of one of the most diverse populations in the world. The once popular notion of America as the great melting pot has given way to a growing awareness of the truly diverse and multicultural nature of this pluralistic society (Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, 1993).In the past 20 years, the United States has experienced social, cultural, and demographic changes that continue to shape the nature of American society as a population of many peoples (Herring, 1995). However, historical factors continue to act as a powerful influence on the worldviews and experiences of Native American people. Native American clients represent varying degrees of acculturation that must be assessed by understanding better an individual clients cultural identity. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the process of acculturation experienced by many Native American people, (b) present a structured format for formally or informally assessing the level of acculturation of Native American clients, and (c) discuss implications for counse...

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Developing Biracial Ethnic Identity: A Review of the Increasing Dilemma

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

A Theoretical Look at Biculturalism in Intercountry Adoption

A Theoretical Look at Biculturalism in Intercountry Adoption

Racial Identification among Multiracial Youth: Implications for Adjustment

Red as an Apple: Native American Acculturation and Counseling With or Without Reservation

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