“…Political theorists have long argued that discussions in the public sphere can influence democratic decision-making (e.g., Habermas, 1992), and with the internet's expansion of the public sphere, there are an unprecedented number of participatory opportunities on issues related to personal values, economics, and science, among other things (e.g., Edgerly et al, 2008). Evidence indicates that guided science-oriented civic action can foster students' citizenship action skills (Culen & Volk, 2000), knowledge of environmental problems (Sellmann & Bogner 2013), and commitment to conducting research-informed activism (Bencze et al, 2012), and participating actively in the democratic process can enhance participants' political efficacy (Levy, 2013(Levy, , 2018, political interest (Ganzler, 2010), civic competencies (LeCompte et al, 2020), and content learning (Frederking, 2005).…”