Developing conservation targets in social-ecological systems

Levin, Phillip S.; Williams, Gregory D.; Rehr, Amanda P.; Norman, Karma; Harvey, Chris J.

doi:10.5751/es-07866-200406

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The CFRN framework development included a review of Canadian fishery policies and international obligations and of the literature, as the basis for the development of a comprehensive set of candidate objectives and performance indicators. Although developed in a Canadian context, the CFRN framework was informed by policies and practices in Europe (e.g., Ramírez‐Monsalve et al., ), Australia (e.g., Begg, Stephenson, Ward, Gillanders, & Smith, ; Pascoe et al., ) and the United States (e.g., Levin, Williams, Rehr, Norman, & Harvey, ; Torres et al., ) and is therefore of relevance internationally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating and implementing social–ecological systems: A comprehensive approach to sustainable fisheries

et al. 2018

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Fisheries sustainability is recognized to have four pillars: ecological, economic, social (including cultural) and institutional (or governance). Although international agreements, and legislation in many jurisdictions, call for implementation of all four pillars of sustainability, the social, economic and institutional aspects (i.e., the “human dimensions”) have not been comprehensively and collectively addressed to date. This study describes a framework for comprehensive fisheries evaluation developed by the Canadian Fisheries Research Network (CFRN) that articulates the full spectrum of ecological, economic, social and institutional objectives required under international agreements, together with candidate performance indicators for sustainable fisheries. The CFRN framework is aimed at practical fisheries evaluation and management and has a relatively balanced distribution of elements across the four pillars of sustainability relative to 10 alternative management decision support tools and indicator scorecards, which are heavily focused on ecological and economic aspects. The CFRN framework has five immediate uses: (a) It can serve as a logic frame for defining management objectives; (b) it can be used to define alternate management options to achieve given objectives; (c) it can serve as a tool for comparing management scenarios/options in decision support frameworks; (d) it can be employed to create a report card for comprehensive fisheries management evaluation; and (e) it is a tool for practical implementation of an integrated social–ecological system approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating and implementing social–ecological systems: A comprehensive approach to sustainable fisheries

et al. 2018

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“…Targets can also be given for other components such as spatial requirements for the maintenance of evolutionary processes or ecosystem services (Moilanen & Arponen, ). They can also account for threats that may cause a loss in bio‐diversity (Game, Watts, Wooldridge, & Possingham, ; Kukkala & Moilanen, ; Tulloch et al., ) and ideally should incorporate societal values as well (Levin, Williams, Rehr, Norman, & Harvey, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On which targets should we compromise in conservation prioritization problems?

2017

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Systematic conservation planning is an essential part of biodiversity preservation. In the context of conservation prioritization problems, the total cost of the entire reserve system is highly dependent on how big we set targets (e.g. 10% or 30%) for conservation features (e.g. species or habitats). Thus, it is of interest to conservation planners how targets could be adjusted in a reasonable way, in order to decrease total cost. The aim of this paper is to rank features based on their influence on total cost. Focusing on the minimum set coverage problem—an integer linear optimization problem (ILP)—we developed a method to rank features according to their influence on total cost. Since the computation time is often too high to solve the ILP, we approximated its optimal solutions by the results of a linear optimization problem (LP). For the feature ranking, we used the shadow prices of the LP, validating it with rankings created by methods which used an ILP solver and the software Marxan, which uses a simulated annealing algorithm. The results show that shadow prices can be used to rank features in terms of their impact on the total cost of the reserve system thereby identifying those feature targets that could yield better compromises. Thus, the shadow price ranking provides a novel tool for conservation planners to help set feature targets in conservation prioritization problems. Furthermore, the results of the study can be used to improve Marxan.

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“…Due to the many and diverse linkages among ecological and social components of agricultural ecosystems, the challenges of developing meaningful system-scale analysis and target setting are amplified and trade-offs are acute. While for many single-sector ecosystem management situations targets and mechanisms for setting them are well established, this is much less the case for entire coupled socio-ecological systems, despite the undisputed urgency of developing appropriate approaches (Levin et al 2015). To provide decision makers, from farmers to administrators and politicians, with the opportunity to explicitly consider how management options propagate throughout the human and bio-chemo-physical (for short in this paper: biophysical) domains of ecosystems, analyses suitable as basis for policy recommendations have to open the "black box", revealing the feedback mechanisms, positive and negative, between processes and dynamics in the interacting social, economic, ecological and cultural dimensions establishing the complex evolving socio-environmental metasystem (Spangenberg 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultural and ethical or social norms, economic and legal constraints, and trade-offs between different ESP limit mobilisation (McShane et al 2011). In some regions, such norms will be codified by legislation or regulations, while in other instances, norms may not be codified, necessitating additional social science research (Levin et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve this goal, the paper follows the structure of the "ecosystem service cascade" (Potschin and Haines-Young 2011;Haines-Young et al 2012), modified to also take human influences into account (Spangenberg et al 2014a, b); such conceptual models have proven useful for understanding socio-environmental systems and synthesising diverse scientific information (Levin et al 2015). It describes the co-generation of human benefits, starting with the analysis of biodiversity and ecosystem processes and continuing to biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) research, one focus of our work in LEGATO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The LEGATO cross-disciplinary integrated ecosystem service research framework: an example of integrating research results from the analysis of global change impacts and the social, cultural and economic system dynamics of irrigated rice production

Spangenberg

Beaurepaire

Bergmeier

et al. 2017

Paddy Water Environ

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In a cross-disciplinary project (LEGATO) combining inter-and transdisciplinary methods, we quantify the dependency of rice-dominated socio-ecological systems on ecosystem functions (ESF) and the ecosystem services (ESS) the integrated system provides. In the collaboration of a large team including geo-and bioscientists, economists, political and cultural scientists, the mutual influences of the biological, climate and soil conditions of the agricultural area and its surrounding natural landscape have been analysed. One focus was on sociocultural and economic backgrounds, another on local as well as regional land use intensity and biodiversity, and the potential impacts of future climate and land use change. LEGATO analysed characteristic elements of three service strands defined by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA): (a) provisioning services: nutrient cycling and crop production; (b) regulating services: biocontrol and pollination; and (c) cultural services: cultural identity and aesthetics. However, in line with much of the current ESS literature, what the MA called supporting services is treated as ESF within LEGATO. As a core output, LEGATO developed generally applicable principles of ecological engineering (EE), suitable for application in the context of future climate and land use change. EE is an emerging discipline, concerned with the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems and aims at developing strategies to optimise ecosystem services through exploiting natural regulation mechanisms instead of suppressing them. Along these lines LEGATO also aims to create the knowledge base for decision-making for sustainable land management and livelihoods, including the provision of the corresponding governance and management strategies, technologies and system solutions.

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Developing conservation targets in social-ecological systems

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Evaluating and implementing social–ecological systems: A comprehensive approach to sustainable fisheries

Evaluating and implementing social–ecological systems: A comprehensive approach to sustainable fisheries

On which targets should we compromise in conservation prioritization problems?

The LEGATO cross-disciplinary integrated ecosystem service research framework: an example of integrating research results from the analysis of global change impacts and the social, cultural and economic system dynamics of irrigated rice production

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