“…For over two decades, central facets in the debate over online education and the production and dissemination of knowledge have focused on the contested roles of computer-mediated communication, online learning networks, and the place of technology in education (Walther, 1996; Benbunan-Fich and Hiltz, 1999; Hiltz, 1994; Hiltz and Wellman, 1997; Johnson et al, 2000; Heckman and Annabi, 2005; Brooks, 2010; Borup et al, 2012). Although this debate continues, scholars have demonstrated that online education and transformative education rooted in critical pedagogy are not antagonistic (Brooks, 2010, 2015b; Bondy et al, 2015). As a teaching and learning modality, in the way it can distinctly provide new means of access, support new networks, and potentially allow for new voices, online education has the capacity to align well with radical education approaches, particularly those influenced by Paulo Freire, Antonio Gramsci, and bell hooks (cf.…”