“…Crisis preparedness plans implies having defined existing plans, procedures, policies, training and equipment necessary at all levels of government and major organisations in order to maximise stakeholders abilities to prevent, respond to, and recover from major disruptive events such as terrorist attacks; hurricanes, fire disasters, pandemic (Dahles and Susilowati 2015;Faulkner 2001;Ghaderi, MatSom, and Henderson 2012;Ghaderi, MatSom, and Wang 2014;Henderson 2009;Hystad and Keller 2008;Israeli, Mohsin, and Kumar 2011;Mansour et al 2019;Mykhailo and Halyna 2020;Okumus and Karamustafa 2005;Orchiston 2013 Nonetheless, the study's findings suggest that, majority of the stakeholders of the Jos, Plateau State case sites who participated in this study do not have defined/formal crisis preparedness plans that can be adapted towards addressing crisis that can affect the normal operations of their tourism industry and subsectors. For example, besides two emergency organisations (i.e., the police command headquarters and a government intermediary organisation) who affirmed that they have some general crisis preparedness plans towards threats of crisis that confront them based on their past experiences, other nine key stakeholders including key media, hotels and other tourism subsector organisations who participated in this research do not seem to be adequately prepared for external crisis events as the study findings reveal.…”