“…As technological advancements have led to radical changes in the way contemporary learners of English as a second/foreign language (L2/EFL) read, write, and communicate, the problem of students’ lacking digital empathy is becoming a growing concern among language educators, researchers, and policy makers (Chen, 2018; Friesem, 2016). Such concern over empathy deficit has also received much attention beyond the field of English language teaching, as a number of studies in general educational settings have reported a surge of (cyber)bullying and a decline of students’ empathy in both online and offline contexts (Konrath et al, 2011; Ribble and Miller, 2013).…”