Developing Guidance to Support Sustainable Spent Pot Lining (SPL) Management Across the Aluminum Industry

Nunez, Pernelle

doi:10.1007/s11837-020-04301-6

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Until the early twenty-first century, most countries have no effective treatment method for SEPL. Most of SEPLs were disposed of in piles or safe landfills [9,10], which can not completely eliminate the potential hazards to human living environment [11,12]. Therefore, the disposal of SEPL has become one of the major problems to be solved for sustainable development of electrolytic aluminum industry, especially the disposal of SCC [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Vacuum Treatment of Aluminum Electrolytic Spent Carbon Cathode

Xin

Zhao

et al. 2022

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The spent carbon cathode (SCC) produced in the aluminum electrolysis process has been listed as hazardous waste due to excessive soluble fluoride and cyanide. In a high-temperature vacuum environment, the soluble fluoride and cyanide in SCC can be evaporated and decomposed, respectively. As a result, its impact on the environment can be eliminated. The remains and volatiles can be collected for resource use. Based on the analysis of SCC chemical composition and phase structure, thermodynamic parameters of evaporation reactions were calculated by FactSage. The effects of treatment temperature and particle size of SCC on the removal of soluble fluoride and cyanide were further investigated by experiment. A suitable treatment condition, in which SCC particle size is 1.000-3.000 mm, at 1000 ºC for 2 h at vacuum conditions of 10 Pa, was obtained. The removal rate of soluble fluoride and cyanide in treated SCC reached 91.10% and 99.33%, and carbon content reached 89.89%. Combined with the analysis of TG-DSC and particle profile scan, the evaporation reaction mechanism by high-temperature vacuum treatment (HTVT) was analyzed. The work will be helpful for the development of new SCC treatment process.The contributing editor for this article was Mansoor Barati.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Vacuum Treatment of Aluminum Electrolytic Spent Carbon Cathode

Xin

Zhao

et al. 2022

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…The production of primary aluminum involves many processing stages -alumina refining [1,2], production of baked anodes or anode paste [3][4][5], production of fluoride salts, electrolysis of cryolite-alumina melts [6][7][8][9][10], and the subsequent production of alloys with required properties. Each production stage generates different types of solid waste: in the electrolytic production of aluminum, raw materials are lost during unloading and transportation to the production shop [11]; dust is carried away by the general ventilation of the casing and with exhaust gases from the electrolytic pots [12,13]; coal foam is removed from the electrolyte surface [13][14]; waste (tailings) generated from coal foam flotation and cryolite regeneration sludge [14][15]; spent anodes; waste generated during electrolytic pot overhaul (coal and refractory parts of the lining) [16][17], cathode rods, anode pins, metal structures, and busbars. During the production of baked anodes and anode paste, the resulting waste is primarily represented by fine carbonaceous dust [4,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Application Scope of Fine Dust from Petroleum Coke Calcining Furnaces in Aluminum Production

Tyutrin

Бурдонов

Bushuev

2022

MSF

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This paper discusses the formation and recycling of finely dispersed carbon dust that is captured by electric filters in petroleum coke calcination kilns. The paper analyzes the physical and chemical properties of such dust; it is a fine powder with a particle size of 60 μm and a density of 1.98 g/cm3; the ash content of the samples in this research was 0.97% on average, and the volatile yield was 1.45%. This waste could be of use in a variety of industries as a fuel; it could also be used as a reductant once pelletized. The paper proposes a pelletizing method using various binders: liquid glass, sodium lignosulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose, cement, and dust produced by cleaning anode gases of electrolysis units. The method involves mixing carbon dust with the required amount of the binder and adding water to reach the required moisture content in the charge. The resulting charge is then to be pressed in a mold at up to 250 MPa. The research team studied how each of the binders affected the drop strength of the resulting pellets; the best results were obtained with a binder content of 5% to 6%; the drop resistance was best for liquid glass (85.0%), anode gas cleaning dust (75%), sodium lignosulfonate (94%), carboxymethyl cellulose (86%), and cement (93%).

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“…In the extraction of non-ferrous metals, large amounts of wastes are discharged during the smelting process and at the end of the service life of smelting equipment. The environmental issues arising from solid wastes such as slag, ash, tailings, and spent pot lining (SPL) have become increasingly worthy of attention. − Copper and aluminum are the two most produced non-ferrous metals in the world and the solid wastes generated during the extraction of these metals amount to millions of tons every year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Copper and Cobalt from Converter Slags via Reduction–Sulfurization Smelting Using Spent Pot Lining as the Reductant

Zhao

Hong

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Large amounts of solid wastes are produced in copper and aluminum smelting processes, which not only cause losses of valuable resources but also threaten the ecology and environment. In this study, a reduction−sulfurization smelting method was used for recovering Cu and Co from converter slags by using spent pot lining (SPL) as the reductant. CaO was added to fix the fluorine from SPL into the cleaned slag. Thermodynamic analysis and experiments were performed to verify the feasibility and determine the optimal conditions of this smelting process. The optimum reductant addition of spent cathode carbon block (SCCB) and spent SiC side block (SSCB) was 8−12 wt %, and the copper and cobalt recovery reached more than 98 and 96%, respectively. The addition of 10 wt % CaO for SCCB improved slag viscosity and promoted the separation between slag and matte/alloy and fixed fluorine in the cleaned slag in the form of insoluble calcium fluoride. The metallized Cu−Co matte was obtained, in which Cu mainly existed in the form of sulfide and Co mainly existed in the form of an iron cobalt alloy.

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Developing Guidance to Support Sustainable Spent Pot Lining (SPL) Management Across the Aluminum Industry

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

High-Temperature Vacuum Treatment of Aluminum Electrolytic Spent Carbon Cathode

High-Temperature Vacuum Treatment of Aluminum Electrolytic Spent Carbon Cathode

Expanding the Application Scope of Fine Dust from Petroleum Coke Calcining Furnaces in Aluminum Production

Recovery of Copper and Cobalt from Converter Slags via Reduction–Sulfurization Smelting Using Spent Pot Lining as the Reductant

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