“…By leveraging smart IoT sensors, advanced data analytics, powerful AI algorithms, and innovative visualization methods, UDT integrates vast and diverse data from multiple sources to facilitate real-time monitoring and improve predictions and decision-making in urban planning. Indeed, AI and AIoT technologies have recently found their way into the computational functionalities of UDT [ 29 , 30 ], enriching data-driven environmental planning initiatives [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ] in sustainable smart cities. By integrating AI models, such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), computer vision (CV), and natural language processing (NLP), planners can effectively manage vast datasets, identify patterns, and discern trends via UDT systems, thereby facilitating more informed decision-making across various domains through automation, optimization, and prediction.…”