“…Four studies analysed the effect of simulation on critical thinking development (Cioffi et al, 2005;Scholes et al, 2012;Lendahls and Oscarsson, 2017;Amod and Brysiewicz, 2017). Contradictory results were found between the studies, with three reporting an increase in critical thinking following the intervention (Cioffi et al, 2005;Lendahls and Oscarsson, 2017;Amod and Brysiewicz, 2017) and one study finding poor application of critical thinking to the simulation scenarios (Scholes et al, 2012). These results may reflect differences in how students were prepared for the activity, complexities of the simulation, and how critical thinking was measured.…”