Developing lignin-based bio-nanofibers by centrifugal spinning technique

Free-standing supercapacitors from Kraft lignin nanofibers with remarkable volumetric energy density

“…They are mechanically strong (tensile strengths of 3 to 6 GPa, moduli of 200 to 700 GPa) and lightweight, but commonly produced from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) which is an unsustainable precursor made from fossil fuel based acrylonitrile which is polymerized in the presence of toxic solvents and scarce metal catalysts 1–3. Lignin-based carbon fibers produced via melt spinning, electrospinning or centrifugal spinning have recently emerged as sustainable alternatives 4–6. However, despite many research efforts, lignin-derived carbon fibers cannot compete with the PAN-derived carbon fibers in terms of mechanical properties because lignin does not yield graphitic fibers upon thermal treatment due to its randomly distributed aromatic units which are separated by aliphatic chains 1,7,8.…”

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

“…Although centrifugal spinning can achieve high fiber productivity, the preparation of carbon nanofibers with lignin is still in its infancy. Recently, the spinning parameters of lignin-based nanofibers via centrifugal spinning from lignin/thermoplastic polyurethane polymer blends were optimized to obtain thermally stable nanofibers with diameters below 500 nm [ 208 ]. However, more investigations need to be conducted.…”

Water‐born 3D nanofiber mats using cost‐effective centrifugal spinning: comparison with electrospinning process: A complex study

“…Depending on the process parameters and spinning solution, fiber with the diameter in the range of few hundreds of nm to few μm can be made. Centrifugal spinning has been already employed to make fibers from a variety polymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), 15 poly (D,L-lactide-coglycolide), 16 poly(vinylidene fluoride), 17 poly(butylene terephthalate), 18 poly(ε-caprolactone), 4 blend of poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), 19 blend of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly (L-lactic acid), 20 poly(methyl methacrylate), 21 blend of poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan with addition of citric and tannic acid, 22 poly(carbonate), poly(lactic acid), poly(acrylonitrile), 23 blend poly(ε-caprolactone) and gelatin, 24 Nylon 6, 25 cellulose acetate, 26 poly(vinyl alcohol), 27 blend of ethylcellulose and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), 28 blend of chitosan and poly(amide), 29 blend of kraft lignin and thermoplastic poly(urethane), 30 blend of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(ethylene glycol), 31 poly (diacetylene), 32 poly(vinylen fluoride). 33 Even though these reports are interesting, they did not provide a direct comparison of the results with the same polymers / fibers obtained by electrospinning.…”