“…Many of the methods used on Earth (e.g., chronometric methods such as radiocarbon, photoluminescence, short-lived isotopes; or hybrid methods that use calibrated models: e.g., weathering rind thickness, lichen growth or desert varnish geochemistry) cannot be used because of the absence of organic matter, atmospheric composition and history of atmospheric events. Although numerical methods are being tested, refined and instruments developed for sample return and in situ analysis on planetary rovers, most of this work is still in the developmental phase (Lepper and McKeever, 2000;Franklund and Lepper, 2004;Doran et al, 2004;Jain et al, 2006;Kalchgruber et al, 2006;McKeever et al, 2006;Jain et al, 2007;Kalchgruber et al, 2007;Blair et al, 2007;Morthekai et al, 2007;Lepper, 2008;Morthekai et al, 2008;Tsukamoto and Duller, 2008;Detschel and Lepper, 2009).…”