“…Coulter (1991) proposed six categories of disease and treatment outcomes: death, disease, physical well-being, psychological well-being, social well-being and quality of life. Furthermore, ideally, health outcomes should include both the patient and carer experience and well-being (Hunt et al ., 1985; Goldberg, 1992; Picker Institute, 2008); quality of care (Challis et al ., 1995) service content (changes in nature and content of care plans; Sutcliffe et al ., 2008); as well as resource use such as service receipt. This would permit greater exploration of the implications of differences in CMLTC systems and processes as well as making closer linkages between the activities undertaken by case managers and the service-level outcomes experienced by patients.…”