“…In this regard, earned value management (EVM) is the commonly employed control system that combines three project management aspects: scope, cost and time (Hamzeh et al ., 2019a, b). Recent studies have indicated that even though EVM has its advantages, it also has several drawbacks, including a lack of attention to workflow, an inability to distinguish between critical and noncritical activities, a lack of support for lean construction adoption, inaccurate percentages of work completed and completion prediction, a lack of information about the reliable assignment of work downstream and increased uncertainty due to detailed planning for long scopes (Cândido et al ., 2014; Hamzeh et al ., 2019a, b; Hazır, 2015; Kim and Ballard, 2010; Pérez et al ., 2022). To address these issues, a wide variety of control metrics associated with several planning and scheduling methods have been developed and implemented over the past decades.…”