Developing Polymer Cathode Material for the Chloride Ion Battery

Abstract

The chloride ion battery is an attractive rechargeable battery owing to its high theoretical energy density and sustainable components. An important challenge for research and development of chloride ion batteries lies in the innovation of the cathode materials. Here we report a nanostructured chloride ion-doped polymer, polypyrrole chloride, as a new type of potential cathode material for the chloride ion battery. The as-prepared polypyrrole chloride@carbon nanotubes (PPyCl@CNTs) cathode shows a high reversible capacity of 118 mAh g and superior cycling stability. Reversible electrochemical reactions of the PPyCl@CNTs cathode based on the redox reactions of nitrogen species and chloride ion transfer are demonstrated. Our work may guide and offer electrode design principles for accelerating the development of rechargeable batteries with anion transfer.

Halide‐Based Materials and Chemistry for Rechargeable Batteries

“…In addition to the inorganic cathode materials, organic conducting polymers such as chloride‐ion‐doped polypyrrole and polyaniline have been developed as CIB cathodes . This kind of cathode, which has high chemical and electrochemical stability, has shown dominant electrochemical reactions based on chloride‐ion de‐intercalation/intercalation as well as low volume variation during cycling (Figure ).…”

Ultralong‐Life Chloride Ion Batteries Achieved by the Synergistic Contribution of Intralayer Metals in Layered Double Hydroxides

“…However, the unsatisfactory cycling performance and structural instability of cathode materials hinder their practical application. [12] Since the first proof that the reversible shuttle of chloride ions between a metal chloride cathode (BiCl 2 , CoCl 2 , and VCl 3 ) and a lithium anode was proposed by Zhao et al, [5] metal oxychlorides [6,13] and chloride-doped organic polymers, [14,15] such as PPy and PANI, have been subsequently demonstrated as possible electrode materials in CIBs. The Ni 2 V 0.9 Al 0.1 -Cl LDH is capable of delivering a high initial capacity of 312.2 mAh g −1 at 200 mA g −1 and an ultralong life over 1000 cycles (with a capacity higher than 113.8 mAh g −1 ).…”

“…[11] In addition, the abundance of chloride-containing materials and their availability worldwide not only lower the costs but also enable manufacturing all over the world. [12] Since the first proof that the reversible shuttle of chloride ions between a metal chloride cathode (BiCl 2 , CoCl 2 , and VCl 3 ) and a lithium anode was proposed by Zhao et al, [5] metal oxychlorides [6,13] and chloride-doped organic polymers, [14,15] such as PPy and PANI, have been subsequently demonstrated as possible electrode materials in CIBs. [12] Since the first proof that the reversible shuttle of chloride ions between a metal chloride cathode (BiCl 2 , CoCl 2 , and VCl 3 ) and a lithium anode was proposed by Zhao et al, [5] metal oxychlorides [6,13] and chloride-doped organic polymers, [14,15] such as PPy and PANI, have been subsequently demonstrated as possible electrode materials in CIBs.…”

Halogenid‐basierte Materialien und Chemie für wiederaufladbare Batterien

“…Zusätzlich zu den anorganischen Kathodenmaterialien wurden organische Leiterpolymere wie Chloridionen‐dotiertes Polypyrrol und Polyanilin als CIB‐Kathoden entwickelt . Diese Art von Kathode, welche hohe chemische und elektrochemische Stabilität besitzt, zeigte dominante elektrochemische Reaktionen basierend auf der Chloridionen‐Deinterkalation/Interkalation sowie niedriger Volumenänderung während der Zyklierung (Abbildung ).…”