Developing questionnaires for educational research: AMEE Guide No. 87

Abstract

In this AMEE Guide, we consider the design and development of self-administered surveys, commonly called questionnaires. Questionnaires are widely employed in medical education research. Unfortunately, the processes used to develop such questionnaires vary in quality and lack consistent, rigorous standards. Consequently, the quality of the questionnaires used in medical education research is highly variable. To address this problem, this AMEE Guide presents a systematic, seven-step process for designing high-quality questionnaires, with particular emphasis on developing survey scales. These seven steps do not address all aspects of survey design, nor do they represent the only way to develop a high-quality questionnaire. Instead, these steps synthesize multiple survey design techniques and organize them into a cohesive process for questionnaire developers of all levels. Addressing each of these steps systematically will improve the probabilities that survey designers will accurately measure what they intend to measure.

Identification of core objectives for teaching sustainable healthcare education

“…One of the steps in curriculum development involves establishing content validity of content [23–25]. This step determines whether the content measures the construct (i.e., core SHE knowledge) for the intended population (i.e., learners in the medical education continuum).…”

Validity and reliability study of the pediatric Rome III questionnaire for Turkish children and adolescents

“…Von Reisswitz et al In this study, the content validity of the Turkish version of the instrument was established with the evidence obtained from expert opinions. This stage involved collecting data from content experts to establish that the individual survey items were relevant to the construct being measured and that key items or indicators had not been omitted (9). Content validity ratios based on the experts' opinion indicated that all the items in the instrument were in compliance with the measurement purpose.…”

“…When an instrument is developed or adapted to a different language, its validity and reliability should be established because specific studies may require a comprehensive linguistic translation process, but this still does not ensure construct validity and reliability (8,9). If an instrument developed in one culture is to be used in another culture correctly, establishment of its validity and reliability in the new culture is a prerequisite.…”

The Relevance of the Preclinical Curriculum During Clinical Practice: Interns’ Perspective in a Government Medical College

“…This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysore using a predesigned questionnaire which was duly modified to suit the local situation and keeping the Medical Council of India vision 2015 document in mind [6][7][8][9][10]. First part (Question No.1-12) of the questionnaire related to importance of basic science subjects, time duration, vastness, clinical applicability, recall aspects, which were to be answered on a 5 point Likert scale (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree).…”