“…Discussions of SSI allow students to consider the moral and ethical aspects of science and their consequences for society (Zeidler, Sadler, Applebaum, & Callahan, 2009), and to make decisions that incorporate moral judgements. Second, SSI-based instruction facilitates the development of student skills, such as critical thinking (Wang, Chen, Lin, Huang, & Hong, 2017), decision-making (Fang, Hsu, & Lin, 2019), argumentation (Dawson & Carson, 2020), informal reasoning (Karpudewan & Roth, 2018), and perspective taking (Newton & Zeidler, 2020), which are crucial for making informed judgements and participating in discussions about SSI. Third, understanding the NOS has been recognised by many to inform judgements about SSI (Leung, 2020a;Leung, Wong, & Yung, 2017).…”