Developing sustainable and recyclable high-efficiency electromagnetic interference shielding nanocomposite foams from the upcycling of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Lee, Chia‐Wei; Lin, Chia-Hsing; Wang, Lyu-Ying; Lee, Yi-Huan

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.143447

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…As repolymerization of aminolysis products into PET is impossible, numerous examples “upcycle” the products. Diverse applications including electromagnetic interference foams, epoxy hardeners, hydrogel adsorbents, and Schiff bases have been explored. − Hedrick and colleagues used a catalyst-free aminolysis of PET at 120 °C over ∼2 h to produce antimicrobial polyionenes . The system appeared robust as postconsumer PET waste was used, however scale was not indicated.…”

Section: Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depolymerization within a Circular Plastics System

Clark,

Shaver

2024

Chem. Rev.

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The societal importance of plastics contrasts with the carelessness with which they are disposed. Their superlative properties lead to economic and environmental efficiency, but the linearity of plastics puts the climate, human health, and global ecosystems at risk. Recycling is fundamental to transitioning this linear model into a more sustainable, circular economy. Among recycling technologies, chemical depolymerization offers a route to virgin quality recycled plastics, especially when valorizing complex waste streams poorly served by mechanical methods. However, chemical depolymerization exists in a complex and interlinked system of end-of-life fates, with the complementarity of each approach key to environmental, economic, and societal sustainability. This review explores the recent progress made into the depolymerization of five commercial polymers: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, polyamides, aliphatic polyesters, and polyurethanes. Attention is paid not only to the catalytic technologies used to enhance depolymerization efficiencies but also to the interrelationship with other recycling technologies and to the systemic constraints imposed by a global economy. Novel polymers, designed for chemical depolymerization, are also concisely reviewed in terms of their underlying chemistry and potential for integration with current plastic systems.

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Section: Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depolymerization within a Circular Plastics System

Clark,

Shaver

2024

Chem. Rev.

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“…In addition to some of the previously mentioned environmental advantages of creating lightweight components with enhanced EMI shielding performances for highly demanding applications via foaming (for instance, the use of a considerably lower amount of polymer to create the component), there is considerable interest in further improving the sustainability of these materials by using recycled and recyclable polymers. Recently, Lee et al [ 10 ] developed nanocomposite foams with outstanding EMI shielding protection by integrating chemically recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (notably, a thermoplastic polyamide elastomer synthesized with a monomer derived from the aminolysis of recycled PET) with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and later, microcellular foaming, using sCO 2 dissolution (see scheme presented in Figure 3 ). The authors showed that by adding only 2 wt% of SWCNTs, the resultant foams displayed extremely high EMI shielding efficiencies; the specific values exceeded 210 dB·cm 3 /g.…”

Section: Microcellular Foaming For Emi Shielding Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in Polymeric Foams and Porous Structures for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications

Antunes

2024

Polymers

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Polymer-based (nano)composite foams containing conductive (nano)fillers limit electromagnetic interference (EMI) pollution, and have been shown to act as good shielding materials in electronic devices. However, due to their high (micro)structural complexity, there is still a great deal to learn about the shielding mechanisms in these materials; understanding this is necessary to study the relationship between the properties of the microstructure and the porous structure, especially their EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE). Targeting and controlling the electrical conductivity through a controlled distribution of conductive nanofillers are two of the main objectives when combining foaming with the addition of nanofillers; to achieve this, both single or combined nanofillers (nanohybrids) are used (as there is a direct relationship between electrical conductivity and EMI SE), as are the main shielding mechanisms working on the foams (which are expected to be absorption-dominated). The present review considers the most significant developments over the last three years concerning polymer-based foams containing conductive nanofillers, especially carbon-based nanofillers, as well as other porous structures created using new technologies such as 3D printing for EMI shielding applications. It starts by detailing the microcellular foaming strategy, which develops polymer foams with enhanced EMI shielding, and it particularly focuses on technologies using supercritical CO2 (sCO2). It also notes the use of polymer foams as templates to prepare carbon foams with high EMI shielding performances for high temperature applications, as well as a recent strategy which combines different functional (nano)fillers to create nanohybrids. This review also explains the control and selective distribution of the nanofillers, which favor an effective conductive network formation, which thus promotes the enhancement of the EMI SE. The recent use of computational approaches to tailor the EMI shielding properties are given, as are new possibilities for creating components with varied porous structures using the abovementioned materials and 3D printing. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.

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“…Second, the porous and multilayer structures in dielectric loss composites are generally designed to increase electromagnetic wave loss by enhancing the interface polarization loss. 62–64…”

Section: Electromagnetic Wave Attenuation Mechanism Of Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%