Developing sustainable tourism through adaptive resource management: a case study of Machu Picchu, Peru

The influence of sociopolitical, natural, and cultural factors on international tourism growth: a cross-country panel analysis

“…Looking at the size of elasticity, natural and cultural resources were both more important in the model than many other factors associated with tourism growth and development (e.g., transportation infrastructure and tourism-related facilities). This result underscores the importance of preserving the natural and cultural heritages of tourism destinations, which often form the foundation of the industry itself (Larson and Poudyal 2012). It is these unique attractions-not the built environment-that typically attracts many foreign tourists to a country in the first place.…”

“…Many tourists are in search of experiences within unique natural environments or among exotic cultures. Preserving such resources can help to maintain the authenticity and appeal of tourism destinations (Larson and Poudyal 2012). Because these attractions help boost international tourism, domestic investments in resource conservation may be more than compensated by foreign currency revenue generated.…”

Peru "Land of the Incas". A Tourism Destination on the Rise

“…Machu Picchu was recognized as a protected area by the World Conservation Union (International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, 1994). The protected zone covers about 32,500 hectares and extends far beyond the ruins (Larson & Poudyal, 2012). The ecosystem of Machu Picchu is extremely fragile.…”

“…Several organizations and agencies are involved in the management of Machu Picchu, with different agendas and objectives for the conservation and development of the city and conflicts affecting public access, economic growth and cultural conservation. Attempts to take carrying capacity (-overtourism‖) into account have failed (Larson & Poudyal, 2012). UNESCO has therefore called on the government of Peru to revise the master plan and pursue sustainable development in order to save Machu Picchu from the risk of a possible removal from the World Heritage List (UNESCO, 2009;.…”

Adaptive co-management as an approach to tourism destination governance – a case of protected areas in Bangladesh

“…Tourism destinations are recognised as complex governance contexts because of the multiple, and often competing, stakeholder groups involved in producing and delivering the tourism products and services (Baggio et al, 2010;Jamal & Stronza, 2009;Kuenzi & McNeely, 2008;Larson & Poudyal, 2012). Further factors such as skewed power relationships (often) between government, wealthy elites, and local residents serve to further complicate the governance of tourism destinations, as well as the fact that tourism is a fragmented sector and so leadership is often lacking (Scott & Marzano, 2015).…”