“…They struggle to integrate pedagogy, content, and technology into their teaching, and lack support and role models (Nadelson et al, 2013). Thus, numerous studies have been conducted to address this problem through the development of TPACK among pre-service teachers (Alayyar, Fisser, & Voogt, 2012;Bilici, Guzey, & Yamak, 2016;Koh & Divaharan, 2011;Tokmak, 2015). Shulman (1987) asserted that the most vital and distinctive category of knowledge for teaching is pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), namely "the blending of content and pedagogy into an understanding of how particular topics, problems, or issues are organised, represented, and adapted to the diverse interests and abilities of learners, and presented for instruction" (p. 8).…”