Developing the Chinese version problem areas in diabetes-teen for measuring diabetes distress in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Psychometric properties of the German teen and parent versions of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID).

“…The current CFA analysis confirmed a three-factor structure of DD in our sample of German teens with convergent and discriminant validity. This three-factor structure was consistent with those found in adolescents in the United States (Shapiro et al, 2018) and Taiwan (Lee et al, 2022). In our analysis, "diabetes getting in the way of having fun" accounted for only 33% of the variance, thus, indicating the possibility of excluding this item from the German version of PAID-T.…”

“…Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Heike Saßmann, Medical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Email: sassmann.heike@ mh-hannover.de Recently, investigators have developed the 18-item Chinese language version of PAID for teens using the former 26-item version (Lee et al, 2022;Weissberg-Benchell & Antisdel-Lomaglio, 2011). Three constructs identical to those of Shapiro et al (2018) were identified.…”

“…Recently, investigators have developed the 18-item Chinese language version of PAID for teens using the former 26-item version (Lee et al, 2022; Weissberg-Benchell & Antisdel-Lomaglio, 2011). Three constructs identical to those of Shapiro et al (2018) were identified.…”

Cross‐cultural translation and validation of the Chinese version Distress Tolerance Scale for adolescents with chronic physical disease

“…The Chinese version Problem Areas in Diabetes‐Teen . The 18‐item Chinese version PAID‐T was conducted to measure diabetes‐related emotional distress in adolescents with diabetes (Lee et al, 2022). The Chinese version PAID‐T is a six‐point Likert scale ranging from one (not a problem) to six (serious problem), with higher scores demonstrating greater emotional distress.…”

Implementing alternative estimation methods to test the construct validity of Likert-scale instruments

“…The WLSMV method was applied for the validity and reliability testing of the 6-Item State Anxiety Scale [12] and Self-Care of Heart Failure Index Score [13,14]. Since then, 10 more studies have been published [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. These manuscripts used Mplus software to apply the WLSMV estimation method for the validity evaluation of Likert-scale instruments, most likely because nursing researchers had limited access to WLSMV-capable SEM software.…”