Developing the perceived social support scale for older adults: A mixed-method study

Nazari, Shima; Afshar, Pouya Farokhnezhad; Sadeghmoghadam, Leila; Shabestari, Alireza Namazi; Farhadi, Akram

doi:10.3934/publichealth.2020007

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Therefore, the safety and accessibility of household items should be assessed periodically ( 49 ). This could confirm the statement that a questionnaire should be developed based on the mental experiences of individuals that are rooted in their cultural constructions ( 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…During factor analysis of the social structure of the FSOP questionnaire, the support of family members to assist going on pilgrimage trips and attending religious ceremonies was factor-loaded. Older people consider preparation for traveling as the duty of their children and prefer being accompanied by their children on such journeys ( 13 , 50 ). In Muslim societies, a common spare time activity for older people is to go to the mosque to partake in religious rituals ( 55 , 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and psychometric properties of the family support for older people questionnaire

Shamsikhani

Ahmadi²,

Kazemnejad³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Background and objectivesThe population of older people is increasing across the world. Older people need care and support from their families to be able to live independently. This study aimed to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of the family support for older people (FSOP) questionnaire.MethodsIn this instrument development study using a mixed-methods design, the psychometric properties of the FSOP questionnaire in terms of validity and reliability were evaluated.ResultsThe FSOP questionnaire consisted of 50 items in six domains. It was shown to have appropriate qualitative and quantitative validities (score > 1.5). The indicators of content validity (CVR > 0.62, ICVI ≥ 0.80, and SCVI > 0.94) and confirmatory factor analysis (indexes of χ2/df = 2.50, CFI = 0.96, GFI = 0.97, AGFI = 0.96, NNFI = 0.96, PNFI = 0.89, TLI = 0.96, and RMSEA = 0.06) were satisfactory. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for reliability was 0.94, indicating an optimal score.ConclusionsHealthcare providers and family caregivers are suggested to use the FSOP questionnaire for improving the quality of life of older people at home.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and psychometric properties of the family support for older people questionnaire

Shamsikhani

Ahmadi²,

Kazemnejad³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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show abstract

“…Compared to objective social support, the social support that individuals subjectively experience is more related to emotional support and inner satisfaction (i.e., perceived social support). Some studies have shown that perceived social support is more important to patients than objective social support ( 14 ). The more a person experiences being respected, supported, and understood emotionally, the higher the person's inner satisfaction is, and the stronger their ability to resist pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences of medically unexplained symptoms among patients of different ages and sexes in the psychological clinic of a general hospital and the influencing factors of MUS: A cross-sectional study

Zhang

Pan²,

Hong

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectiveTo analyse differences in sex, age, depression, insomnia, psychological stress, resilience, and perceived social support among patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) in a psychological clinic of a general hospital, and to explore the influencing factors of MUS.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Seven hundred forty-six first-time patients were assessed with the integrated psychosomatic comprehensive evaluation system (IPS) to evaluate their MUS, depression, insomnia, psychological stress, resilience, and perceived social support. The psychological characteristics were compared with regard to sex and age group (<25 years, low age group; 26–44 years, middle age group; >45 years, high age group). The relationships between age and MUS were explored, and how psychological stress affects MUS was analyzed using the mediator effect model.ResultsDifferent age groups had significant differences in sex, MUS, depression, psychological stress, resilience, and perceived social support. In further pairwise comparison, no significant difference existed in depression, psychological stress, resilience and perceived social support in the middle and low age groups, depression and psychological stress were higher than those in the high age group, resilience and perceived social support were lower than those of the high age group. MUS were higher in the middle age group than in the low age group. No significant difference existed between the two groups and the high age group. Age, severity of MUS, and perceived social support were significantly different between the sexes. Differences in MUS between men and women in different age groups were analyzed using two-factor analysis of variance. It revealed no interaction between sex and different age groups on MUS. The main effect analysis showed that the effects of different age groups on MUS were statistically significant. Based on pairwise comparative analysis, the MUS score in the low age group was lower than that in the middle age group. To clarify a nonlinear relationship between age and MUS, threshold effect analysis was conducted. The results indicated that the piecewise linear regression model could better depict the relationship between age and MUS. The inflection point was at the age of 60 years. Before the age of 60 years, MUS increased with age. No significant correlation existed between age and MUS after the age of 60 years. To understand the influencing factors of MUS, the intermediary effect model was analyzed using MUS as the dependent variable, psychological stress as the independent variable, resilience as mediator variable M1, perceived social support as mediator variable M2, and depression as mediator variable M3. Resilience, perceived social support, and depression had significant mediator effects on the effects of psychological stress on MUS with a total indirect effect of 69.81%.ConclusionThe middle age group had greater MUS than the low age group. Before the age of 60 years, MUS increased with increasing age. Women had more severe MUS than men. Resilience, perceived social support, and depression had significant mediating effects on the effects of perceived stress on MUS. These findings suggest that clinicians should make more comprehensive and detailed evaluations and timely intervention for middle-aged and female patients. Improving psychological resilience and social support can reduce the impact of psychological stress on MUS. Therefore, psychotherapy and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment are very important for patients is very important for patients.

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“…Social support includes objective, visible or practical support, such as direct material assistance, or the participation in social networks and groups involving family. It also includes subjective, empirical and emotional support, such as the emotional experience and satisfaction of individuals who are respected, supported and understood ( Nazari et al, 2020 ). Zhang et al (2022) believes that social support can be divided into emotional support, information support and companionship support from the perspective of function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the impact of social support on the life satisfaction of widowed and non-widowed elders

Hua

Chen

2022

Front. Psychol.

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AimTo compare differences in life satisfaction between widowed and non-widowed elders based on social support.MethodsA total of 4,560 widowed and 3,655 non-widowed elders were selected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS-2018). Ordinal logistic regression models and t-tests were performed using SPSS v20.ResultsBoth widowed and non-widowed elders had high levels of life satisfaction. Personal characteristics had a significant impact on the life satisfaction of both widowed and non-widowed elders. Endowment insurance, social trust, residence, self-rated health, and living with family had a significant impact on the life satisfaction of widowed elders (p < 0.001), while endowment insurance, government subsidy, and self-rated health significantly impacted non-widowed elders (p < 0.001). Self-rated health had the greatest impact on the life satisfaction of widowed and non-widowed elders (OR = 4.62/4.45), followed by endowment insurance (OR = 1.24/1.32).ConclusionSocial support can significantly improve life satisfaction, but its impact is heterogeneous. Informal social support plays a greater role in improving the life satisfaction of widowed elders, but formal social support plays a greater role in the life satisfaction of non-widowed elders.

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Developing the perceived social support scale for older adults: A mixed-method study

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Design and psychometric properties of the family support for older people questionnaire

Design and psychometric properties of the family support for older people questionnaire

Differences of medically unexplained symptoms among patients of different ages and sexes in the psychological clinic of a general hospital and the influencing factors of MUS: A cross-sectional study

Comparing the impact of social support on the life satisfaction of widowed and non-widowed elders

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