“…Specifically, the simplicity and low cost of FDM 3DP has led to the general view that it may be the technology to be clinically adopted to produce personalized medicines. Enthusiasm towards FDM 3DP amongst pharmaceutical researchers has been demonstrated by its use to manufacture a range of drug delivery devices, including 3D printed tablets (Printlets) ( Bogdahn et al, 2021 ; Figueiredo et al, 2022 ; Isreb et al, 2019 ; Melocchi et al, 2021 ; Oladeji et al, 2022 ; Pereira et al, 2020 ; Shi et al, 2021 ; Tranová et al, 2022 ; Windolf et al, 2022 ), gastro-retentive tablets ( Zhao et al, 2022 ), microneedles ( Wu et al, 2021 ), and patient-specific devices ( Arany et al, 2021 ; Carlier et al, 2021 ; Eleftheriadis and Fatouros, 2021 ; Eleftheriadis et al, 2020 ; Haddow et al, 2021 ; Liang et al, 2018 ; Saviano et al, 2022 ). While interest in pharmaceutical 3DP continues to grow, with pharmaceutical companies such as Aprecia and Triastek investing in the technology, progress is arguably hampered by the empirical process of formulation development ( Elbadawi et al, 2021b ; Seoane-Viaño et al, 2021 ).…”