Development and Analysis of a Multi-Node Dynamic Model for the Simulation of Stratified Thermal Energy Storage

Cadau, Nora; Lorenzi, Andrea; Gambarotta, Agostino; Morini, Mirko; Rossi, Michele

doi:10.3390/en12224275

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The STES is modelled by following the multi-node 1D approach reported by Cadau et al [5]. According to the multi-node approach, the storage is divided into N nodes (in this paper N=11), where each node represents a zone with a uniform temperature.…”

Section: Plant Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such a manner, the mismatch between RES availability and actual energy demand can be overcome. In addition, energy storage also increases * Corresponding author: hilal.bahlawan@unife.it the flexibility of the energy plant, while energy losses during start-up and shut-down manoeuvres can be reduced [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as highlighted in that study, thermal losses may significantly affect TES operation, so that reliable tools tuned for their evaluation are crucial. To this aim, Cadau et al [5] developed a novel and accurate model that provided a detailed insight into heat exchange phenomena and temperature variations within stratified sensible TES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal design and energy management of a renewable energy plant with seasonal energy storage

et al. 2021

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The exploitation of fossil fuels is undoubtedly responsible of environmental problems such as global warming and sea level rise. Unlike energy plants based on fossil fuels, energy plants based on renewable energy sources may be sustainable and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, they are unpredictable because of the intermittent nature of environmental conditions. For this reason, energy storage technologies are needed to meet peak energy demands thanks to the stored energy. Moreover, the renewable energy systems composing the plant must be optimally designed and operated. Therefore, this paper investigates the challenge of the optimal design and energy management of a grid connected renewable energy plant composed of a solar thermal collector, photovoltaic system, ground source heat pump, battery, one short-term thermal energy storage and one seasonal thermal energy storage. To this aim, this paper develops a methodology based on a genetic algorithm that optimally designs a 100% renewable energy plant with the aim of minimizing the electrical energy taken from the grid. The load profiles of thermal, cooling and electrical energy during a whole year are taken into account for the case study of the Campus of the University of Parma (Italy).

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Section: Plant Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal design and energy management of a renewable energy plant with seasonal energy storage

et al. 2021

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“…The latter evaluates the operation of the pump by relying on its characteristic curve. ▪ The TES model is based on a one-dimensional, multi-node modeling approach, and it simulates the thermal stratification phenomenon occurring within a sensible heat storage tank, as thoroughly reported in [15]. In this case, the TES is used to decouple heat production and consumption.…”

Section: Detailed System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust control of a cogeneration plant supplying a district heating system to enable grid flexibility

et al. 2021

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In recent years, the flexibility of energy systems has become essential due to the growing penetration of renewable energy sources. The producers and consumers can enhance this flexibility by enabling a given amount of power that they can produce or consume in every condition. This is made available to the grid operator to globally optimize the dispatch management and to stabilize the grid. However, this can interfere with the operation of production units such as cogeneration plants, which also have to meet thermal demand. Therefore, producers and consumers require smart controllers to comply with grid operator requests at any time. This paper proposes a robust control strategy based on Model Predictive Control, which manages distribution networks and production plants by considering the uncertainty of the requirements for flexibility from the grid operator. The simulation case study is the district heating network of a school complex supplied by a Combined Heat and Power plant and a Thermal Energy Storage tank. The robustness of the proposed optimization is investigated by simulating several scenarios with different degrees of uncertainty about the request for electricity from the grid operator. The results show that the plant operator is able to comply with the electricity requirements to different extents depending on the degree of uncertainty and on system design choices. These considerations make it possible to improve the plant design and production planning from the perspective of grid flexibility.

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“…Sizing approaches of the hot water storage tanks addressed in literature are diverse. Depending on the usage profile and composition of energy system different methods can be adopted [11,27]. The volume of the HWST was calculated based on the maximum energy coverage of the HWST as:…”

Section: Hot Water Storage Tank Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing and performance analyses of a combined heating and cooling system with the integration of short- and long-term storages

Shakerin

Eikeskog

et al. 2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Technological advancements in the utilization of renewable energy sources have unveiled potentials for increasing building energy efficiency. Integrating heat pump-based energy systems with thermal storages is a suitable option to meet the thermal requirements of modern buildings and exploiting the available renewable energy sources. However, how to size the main components of a heat pump-based energy system with the integration of short- and long-term storages is not yet well explored. Therefore, this study focused on the design and performance analyses of an integrated heating and cooling system consist of a heat pump, borehole long-term thermal storage, and hot water tank short-term thermal. Heat pump models were introduced as parametric models based on the producer data. The dynamic thermal model of the energy system was developed and analysed in MATLAB. Different combinations of heating and cooling loads were tested. Integration of cooling and heating systems was discussed through different operation strategies and challenges were addressed. The results of the parametric analysis identified the key parameters affecting the design of components and efficiency of the system. Moreover, the results showed that lower cooling to heating load ratio leads to an excessive reduction of the ground temperature and overall efficiency over the long-term operation.

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Development and Analysis of a Multi-Node Dynamic Model for the Simulation of Stratified Thermal Energy Storage

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Optimal design and energy management of a renewable energy plant with seasonal energy storage

Optimal design and energy management of a renewable energy plant with seasonal energy storage

Robust control of a cogeneration plant supplying a district heating system to enable grid flexibility

Sizing and performance analyses of a combined heating and cooling system with the integration of short- and long-term storages

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