Development and Analysis of Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioner Prototype

Abstract

NOTICEThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. AcknowledgmentsWe wish to acknowledge the efforts of many industry experts who provided valuable knowledge and support in developing the prototype desiccant enhanced evaporative air conditioner (DEVAP AC):We would like to acknowledge Andrew Lowenstein from AIL Research for participating in project planning, design, and prototype development. Throughout the project, Andrew provided invaluable guidance and supporting analysis. His expertise was instrumental in the success of this project.We would like to acknowledge Dylan Garrett, Ian Graves, and Redwood Stephens from Synapse Product Development for participating in a design and prototype development. Throughout the project, the Synapse team provided excellent guidance in manufacturing design. Their design team was instrumental to the success of this project.We would like to acknowledge John Pellegrino from the University of Colorado at Boulder for his extensive knowledge of design and testing of membrane systems, Dave Paulson from Water Think Tank for his insight into the membrane component manufacturing industry and selection of industry vendors, and Michael Brandemuehl from the University of Colorado at Boulder for his experience with heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems and desiccants.We would like to acknowledge Jay Burch for his guidance in planning and executing this project.We would like to acknowledge Aaron Boranian for his assistance in analysis of the two-stage regenerator.We would like to acknowledge Jordan Clark from the University of Texas for his analysis of air flow through the second-stage heat and mass exchanger using computational fluid dynamics.We would like to thank the NREL peer review team: Bill Livingood, Michael Deru, Paul Torcellini, Dane Christiansen, and Ren Anderson.We would like to thank Stephanie Woodward for her editorial review.We would like to thank Alexis Abramson, Colin McCormick, and Tony Bouza from the U.S. Department of Energy for their support of the DEVAP prototype project.ii Executive SummaryIn FY 2010, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) used numerical models and building energy simulations to analyze the performance of a DEVAP AC ...

A novel approach using predictive models for performance analysis of desiccant enhanced evaporative cooling systems

“…n is the number of effective parameters that is determined according to previous researches. This value is 5 for CoFRMC type IEC [31][32][33][34][35], 6 for PCoFMC type IEC [36,37], and 10 for the DEH subsystem [2,8,15,16].…”

“…These types of IECs improve the performance of the cooling system by redirecting a portion of the cooled air (product air) to the working air channels. Like all previous published literatures regarding DEVAP system [2,7,8,13,15,16], in this survey the counter types of Mcycles (CoFRMC and PCoFMC) were considered and modeled as the second part of the DEVAP system. …”

A Novel SOFC Tri-generation System for Building Applications

“…Another common technological pairing is with evaporative based cooling technology, to create 'stand-alone' systems. Evaporative based cooling compliments liquid desiccant due to its improved performance when operated with dry air and its low electrical requirement (Daou, Wang et al, 2006;Ouazia, Barhoun et al, 2009;Kozubal, Woods et al, 2011;Kozubal, Woods et al, 2012). Currently, it is reported that hybrid systems are most widely used.…”

Operating Energy Savings of a Liquid Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling-Assisted Air-Handling System in Marine Applications

“…In addition to the LD-IDECOAS proposed by Kim et al [1,2], Kozubal et al [8] proposed a desiccant-enhanced evaporative air conditioner (DEVap) for air conditioning common buildings. Buker et al [9] proposed and empirically analyzed a similar air-handling system [1,2,8], which was integrated with a photovoltaic and a thermal roof collector as regeneration heat sources.…”

“…Buker et al [9] proposed and empirically analyzed a similar air-handling system [1,2,8], which was integrated with a photovoltaic and a thermal roof collector as regeneration heat sources. Gao et al [10] proposed and evaluated the system performance of a solid-desiccant-enhanced, counter-flow indirect evaporative cooling system.…”