Development and application of an analytical method for the determination of storage lipids, fatty acids and fatty alcohols in <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i>

Webster, Lynda; Walsham, Pam; Yusuf, Abdullahi Ahmed; Richards, Steve; Hay, Steve; Heath, M. F.; Moffat, Colin F.

doi:10.1002/jssc.200500378

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…2006), and trans‐esterified to fatty acid methyl esters prior to analysis by gas chromatography with flame‐ionization detection (Agilent 6890 GC‐FID, Wilmington, Delaware, USA) using a cool on‐column injector. All of the identified fatty acids were present in concentrations greater than the limit of detection for this technique (Webster et al. 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Silicon was extracted from a known quantity of sample using a 0·5% solution of sodium carbonate (Paasche 1980) and quantified with a modular flow injection auto‐analyser (FIA Star 5010 series, Tecator, Höganäs, Sweden) using a series of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate standard solutions (after Strickland & Parsons 1972). Fatty acids from all samples were extracted using a 2 : 1 volumetric solution of chloroform : methanol, modified from Folch, Lees & Sloane‐Stanley (1957) by the inclusion of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (Webster et al. 2006), and trans‐esterified to fatty acid methyl esters prior to analysis by gas chromatography with flame‐ionization detection (Agilent 6890 GC‐FID, Wilmington, Delaware, USA) using a cool on‐column injector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each batch of fatty acid samples was extracted alongside cod liver oil and orange roughy laboratory reference materials after the addition of a known quantity of the internal fatty acid standard 21 : 0. Full details of the fatty acid analytical method are presented elsewhere (Webster et al. 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption efficiencies and basal turnover of C, N and fatty acids in a marine Calanoid copepod

Mayor

Cook

Thornton³

et al. 2010

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Marine copepods of the genus Calanus can reproduce prior to the spring bloom in the absence of sufficient food. Their starvation physiology, and hence the factors limiting their pre-bloom population growth (egg production), remain poorly understood. 2. Stoichiometric theory can provide insights into the factors controlling an organism's growth and the fate of elements in an ecosystem. It is underpinned by substrate utilization efficiencies that relate to key physiological processes such as absorption efficiencies (AEs) and biomass turnover. These parameters are seldom investigated, particularly in the case of essential 'micronutrients' such as the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 3. Calanus spp. were fed briefly and subsequently starved for 5 days to determine basal turnover rates of biomass carbon, nitrogen and essential PUFAs. The effect of short-term fasting on nitrogen isotope signatures was also examined. The elemental, fatty acid and isotopic composition of their faecal pellets were compared to that of their food, providing insights into AEs and digestive isotopic discrimination. 4. Gut AEs typically followed the sequence: PUFA > nitrogen > carbon, although low AE for DHA was a notable exception. Starvation-induced losses of carbon, nitrogen, EPA and DHA demonstrate that homeostatic organisms must ingest all of these substrates in substantial quantity to achieve positive net growth. 5. Egested material was significantly depleted in 13 C and 15 N relative to the ingested food. We attribute this to isotopic discrimination at the macromolecular level, indicating that food quality contributes to the isotopic signature of a consumer organism. Values of d 15 N in the copepods' tissues did not increase during starvation, despite significant losses of bulk nitrogen. This supports the suggestion that dissimilatory protein pathways in marine crustaceans are non-discriminating. 6. The significant basal turnover rates and variable AEs for essential PUFAs and nitrogen presented herein demonstrate that organisms cannot be assumed to utilize all nutritious substrates with the same, high efficiency, even when scarce in the diet. Our data highlight the need for a more detailed understanding of organismal physiology before isotopic and stoichiometric models can be meaningfully constructed and parameterized.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption efficiencies and basal turnover of C, N and fatty acids in a marine Calanoid copepod

Mayor

Cook

Thornton³

et al. 2010

Functional Ecology

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“…Although larger samples have been collected, advances in modern analytical chemistry techniques, such as gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, frequently mean that researchers require only small amounts of material to obtain accurate results. For example, lipid composition can be measured in individual zooplankton weighing just 200 μg (Webster et al 2006) and carotenoid levels can be determined from very small amounts of material, e.g.,10 μl of fairy wren ( Malurus sp.) seminal fluid (Rowe and McGraw 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling avian adipose tissue: assessing a nondestructive biopsy technique

Owen

Daunt

Wanless

2010

Journal of Field Ornithology

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Adipose tissue samples can provide valuable information about the physiology, foraging ecology, and toxicology of birds. However, despite these varied applications, to date, no procedure for taking adipose samples from live birds has been described in detail, nor assessed for potential adverse effects. We describe a nonlethal method for collecting adipose tissue from adults and chicks of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), Common Murres (Uria aalge), and Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis), and assess the short-and longer term effects of the procedure. Biopsies were carried out in the field using topical anesthetic and samples were taken from the synsacral region. Only two of 283 birds sampled (0.7%) had too little adipose tissue to be sampled successfully. Thirty-two kittiwakes were recaptured at varying intervals after the procedure (3-50 d) and the biopsy site inspected carefully. No signs of infection were observed and wounds healed completely within 6 d. Compared to birds captured for routine banding, biopsied kittiwakes showed neither greater weight loss nor reduced breeding success in the year of sampling. Similarly, recapture rates of biopsied birds in subsequent years were similar to those of individuals that had been blood sampled or banded. Our results suggest that collecting samples of adipose tissue by nondestructive biopsy has no more effect on birds than taking blood samples via syringe. Thus, we recommend nondestructive adipose tissue sampling via biopsy as an effective alternative to lethal methods in studies of wild birds.

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“…The literature describes only one method of determination using the conventional gravimetric method in the United States Pharmacopeia (Tong Liu, 2018) and a few other techniques for individual determination of components of interest by LC/LC–MS (Katayama, Masuda, & Taniguchi, 1991; Czichocki, Much, & Vollhardt, 1983; Aserin, Frenkel, & Garti, 1984; Henke & Schubert, 1980; Terol et al, 2010; Guarrasi, Mangione, Sanfratello, Martorana, & Bulone, 2010; Webster et al, 2006; Jinmao et al, 1999; Zembrzuska, 2017) and GC (Feng, Wu, & Cao, 1999). These methods did not distinguish or determine the trace mixtures of residual fatty alcohols (C 10 –C 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel RP‐HPLC refractive index detector method development and validation for determination of trace‐level alcohols (un‐sulfated) in sodium lauryl sulfate raw material

Katakam¹,

Dongala²

2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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The main aim of the study is to develop and validate a simple and rapid liquid chromatographic analytical method for simultaneous determination of trace level of un‐sulfated alcohol impurities in sodium lauryl sulfate using high‐performance liquid chromatography with a refractive index detector. The chromatographic separation was achieved using flow rate of 3.0 ml/min with a Waters Symmetry C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column and 50°C as a column temperature. The mobile phase comprised milliQ water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70 v/v respectively. The detection was performed using a refractive index detector at a sensitivity of 64. The resolutions among n‐decanol, n‐dodecanol, n‐tetradecanol, n‐hexadecanol, and n‐heptadecanol were found to be >4. Regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient for the stated compounds of >0.999. The validated HPLC method was utilized effectively for the estimation of un‐sulfated alcohols in quality control labs for commercial release of sodium lauryl sulfate.

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Development and application of an analytical method for the determination of storage lipids, fatty acids and fatty alcohols in Calanus finmarchicus

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Absorption efficiencies and basal turnover of C, N and fatty acids in a marine Calanoid copepod

Absorption efficiencies and basal turnover of C, N and fatty acids in a marine Calanoid copepod

Sampling avian adipose tissue: assessing a nondestructive biopsy technique

A novel RP‐HPLC refractive index detector method development and validation for determination of trace‐level alcohols (un‐sulfated) in sodium lauryl sulfate raw material

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